Reaching the Unreachable: Strategies for HCV Eradication in Patients With Refractory Opioid Addiction-A Real-world Experience.

To achieve global hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication, barriers prohibiting treatment access need to be overcome. We established a strategy to initiate antiviral therapy in patients with severe, refractory heroin addiction. All patients achieved sustained virological response.

The 25 kDa H Domain of Clostridial Neurotoxins Is Indispensable for Their Neurotoxicity.

The extraordinarily potent clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs) comprise tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and the seven established botulinum neurotoxin serotypes (BoNT/A-G). They are composed of four structurally independent domains: the roles of the catalytically active light chain, the translocation domain H, and the C-terminal receptor binding domain H are largely resolved, but that of the H domain sandwiched between H and H has remained unclear. Here, mutants of BoNT/A, BoNT/B, and TeNT were generated by deleting their H domains or swapping H domains between each other.

Severe CNS inflammation after discontinuation of natalizumab and start of daclizumab successfully treated with alemtuzumab.

Natalizumab is highly effective in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis patients. Unfortunately, after stopping natalizumab, there is an increased risk of inflammation in the central nervous system and relapses. Switching from natalizumab to an alternative sufficient drug may prevent disease reactivation.