Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Patellar Instability: Does the Distance Between Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove Make a Difference?

Introduction: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) is used in most patellar instability surgeries, there is controversy on adding a tibial tuberosity osteotomy (TTO).

Objective: To describe the results of isolated MPFLR in patellar instability according to the Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove distance (TT-TG).

Methods: Retrospective study of patients with patellar instability with a mature skeleton in one center between 2016 and 2021, using isolated MPFLR.

Arsenic, cadmium and lead in fresh and processed tuna marketed in Galicia (NW Spain): Risk assessment of dietary exposure.

Currently, metal bioaccumulation in fish is increasing and is a cause of concern due to toxicity. Total arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in fresh and processed tuna (110 samples) marketed in Galicia (NW Spain) were determined by ICP-MS spectrometry. The average concentrations of As and Cd, 3.

Total mercury in fresh and processed tuna marketed in Galicia (NW Spain) in relation to dietary exposure.

Mercury is a toxic trace metal, which can accumulate to levels threatening human and environmental health. In this study, contents of total mercury have been determined by ICP-MS spectrometry in fresh and processed tuna (110 samples) purchased from supermarkets in NW Spain. Mercury was present in all samples analyzed; however, only one sample of fresh tuna (1.

Cadmium in edible mushrooms from NW Spain: Bioconcentration factors and consumer health implications.

Mushrooms do not constitute a significant portion of the human diet, but the consumption of wild and cultivated mushrooms has become increasingly in recent years. Some species accumulate high levels of toxic metals, both in unpolluted and polluted areas. In this study, we examined the accumulation capacity of cadmium in edible mushrooms in relation to certain factors and their possible toxicological implications.

A compact miniaturized continuous flow system for the determination of urea content in milk.

A multicommutation-based flow system with photometric detection was developed, employing an analytical microsystem constructed with low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) technology, a solid-phase reactor containing particles of Canavalia ensiformis DC (urease source) immobilized with glutaraldehyde, and a mini-photometer coupled directly to the microsystem which monolithically integrates a continuous flow cell. The determination of urea in milk was based on the hydrolysis of urea in the solid-phase reactor and the ammonium ions produced were monitored using the Berthelot reaction. The analytical curve was linear in the urea concentration range from 1.

Ceramic microsystem incorporating a microreactor with immobilized biocatalyst for enzymatic spectrophotometric assays.

Low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) technology is a versatile fabrication technique used to construct microflow systems. It permits the integration of several unitary operations (pretreatment, separation, (bio)chemical reaction, and detection stage) of an analytical process in a modular or monolithic way. Moreover, because of its compatibility with biological material, LTCC is adequate for analytical applications based on enzymatic reactions.

Lead in edible mushrooms: levels and bioaccumulation factors.

Lead content was determined in 238 samples of 28 species of edible mushrooms collected from different sites in the province of Lugo (NW Spain) during 2005 and 2006. The hymenophore (H) and the rest of the fruiting body (RFB) were analysed separately. The analyses were carried out by an anodic stripping voltammetric technique using drop mercury as the working electrode.

Simple modeling of the physical sample dispersion process in rectangular meso (micro) channels with pressure-driven flows.

The present paper reports the modeling and characterization of the physical sample dispersion process observed in rectangular microchannels when pressure-driven pumping is used. To explain experimental results provided by the silicon fluidic device constructed, two different mathematical models were tested. The first one is based on the diffusion-convection model, and the second one is based on the combination of ideal reactors.

Vortex configuration flow cell based on low-temperature cofired ceramics as a compact chemiluminescence microsystem.

The integration of optical detection methods in continuous flow microsystems can highly extend their range of application, as long as some negative effects derived from their scaling down can be minimized. Downsizing affects to a greater extent the sensitivity of systems based on absorbance measurements than the sensitivity of those based on emission ones. However, a careful design of the instrumental setup is needed to maintain the analytical features in both cases.

Miniaturized total analysis systems: integration of electronics and fluidics using low-temperature co-fired ceramics.

The advantages of microanalyzers, usually fabricated in silicon, glass, or polymers, are well-known. The design and construction of fluidic platforms are well-developed areas due to the perfectly established microfabrication technologies used. However, there is still the need to achieve devices that include not only the fluid management system but also the measurement electronics, so that real portable miniaturized analyzers can be obtained.

Soil calcium and pH monitoring sensor system.

An agrarian sensorial system based on temperature, moisture, and all solid-state ion-selective potentiometric sensors was developed with the objective of monitoring the behavior of H+ and Ca2+ ions in soil and in real conditions, contributing with a new tool that tries to complement the current precision agriculture technology. The evaluation of the sensorial system to pH monitoring presented a good correlation between the results obtained by the system and the standard methodology, allowing us to notice the soil buffer capacity at different soil depths. With regard to calcium, the sensor system also presented an agreement between its results and those obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, using a calibration model based on multiple linear regressions that allows the correct determination of Ca2+ concentrations in soil depths where the relative moisture is different.

Pesticide determination by enzymatic inhibition and amperometric detection in a low-temperature cofired ceramics microsystem.

Among the several fabrication techniques used to construct microflow systems, the low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) technology, taking advantage of its multilayer approach, is one of the most versatile ones. It permits the integration of several unitary operations of an analytical process in a modular or monolithic way. Moreover, due to its perfect compatibility with screen-printing techniques, it also permits the integration of electronic components used to control the whole system setup.

New hexamethine-hemicyanine dyes for the development of integrated optochemical sensors.

New far-visible absorbing anilino-cyanine dyes have been synthesised for future application as chromoionophores in integrated waveguide absorbance optodes based on bulk optodes. The effect of the heterocycle, of the substitution of the heterocyclic nitrogen and of the type of heptamethine central ring on the pKa values (4.3-8.

Microflow injection system based on a multicommutation technique for nitrite determination in wastewaters.

In this work a microflow structure, suitable for micro-FIA (micro flow injection analysis), will be described, evaluated and applied to real samples. Microchannels, the detector flow cell and input/output ports have been micromachined in silicon and sealed with anodically bonded Pyrex glass. The channels are defined by etching approximately 200 microm depth in silicon using a dry reactive ion etching (RIE) process.

Flow injection potentiometric system for the simultaneous determination of inositol phosphates and phosphate: phosphorus nutritional evaluation on seeds and grains.

A simple flow injection potentiometric (FIP) system, which uses a tubular cobalt electrode, has been developed for phosphorus nutritional evaluation of seeds and grains. Inorganic phosphorus, P(i), is determined using a 1 x 10(-2) mol.L(-1) potassium phthalate buffer solution adjusted at pH 4.

In-soil potassium sensor system.

A potentiometric sensor system based on potassium ion-selective electrodes was developed for agricultural purposes. Sensors were built using PVC ion-selective membranes over an inner solid contact prepared with graphite-epoxy composites. A copper plate was used as a reference electrode.

Improved integrated waveguide absorbance optodes for ion-selective sensing.

The first prototype of a technologically improved integrated waveguide absorbance optode (IWAO) was developed and tested with a membrane based on a new H+-selective ketocyanine dye and a cadmium ionophore. It was designed with curved instead of rectilinear planar waveguides. Results demonstrated the suitability of the new IWAOs to be employed as sensing platforms, which confer versatility, robustness, and mass production capabilities besides high sensitivity on conventional bulk optodes, as well as the usefulness of such dyes in developing ion-selective membranes in combination with a selective ionophore.

Ketocyanine dyes: H+ selective lonophores for use in integrated waveguides absorbance optodes.

The optical and analytical characteristics of a series of neutral H+-selective chromoionophores in PVC membranes are described. Such indicators have been synthesized so that they can operate in bulk optode membranes as the chemically active region of integrated waveguide absorbance optodes (IWAOs), lambdamax near 780 nm. Their spectral characteristics, acid-base properties, chemical stability, and solubility in the membrane phase are given and discussed.