Trends in renal function in Northern Sweden 1986-2014: data from the seven cross-sectional surveys within the Northern Sweden MONICA study.

Objective: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally, and CKD is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). CKD and CVD share several risk factors (RF), such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking, and the prevalence of these RF has changed during the last decades, and we aimed to study the effect on renal function over time.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional population-based studies.

Kidney function in patients with bipolar disorder with and without lithium treatment compared with the general population in northern Sweden: results from the LiSIE and MONICA cohorts.

Background: The clinical relevance of lithium nephropathy is subject to debate. Kidney function decreases with age and comorbidities, and this decline might lead to attribution bias when erroneously ascribed to lithium. We aimed to investigate whether patients with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder had faster decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared with the general population, whether observed differences in the steepness of the decline were attributable to lithium, and whether such changes depended on the length of lithium exposure.