The relationship between leptin-to-adiponectin ratio and HOMA-IR and metabolic syndrome in five African-origin populations.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the associations between serum leptin, adiponectin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), and metabolic syndrome (MS) and HOMA-IR in five African-origin populations: Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and US.

Methods: Clinical measures included serum glucose, insulin, adipokines, blood pressure and anthropometric measures. MS was determined using the Harmonized criteria.

Dexamethasone Intracanalicular Insert for Clinically Significant Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate a commercially available dexamethasone intracanalicular insert to treat dry eye.

Design: Single-center, double-masked randomized controlled trial.

Participants: Patients with clinically significant aqueous-deficient dry eye (combined ocular surface staining score, ≥ 3 [0-12]; corneal fluorescein staining score, ≥ 2 [0-6]; and Schirmer's wetting, < 10 mm at 5 minutes in both eyes) with symptoms (dryness, eye discomfort, or visual fatigue, ≥ 30 [0-100]) despite treatment with at least 1 prescription drop and deemed candidates for topical steroid therapy.