Effectiveness of 1, 2, and 3 Doses of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against High-Grade Cervical Lesions Positive for Human Papillomavirus 16 or 18.

Before 2016, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was recommended on a 3-dose schedule. However, many vaccine-eligible US females received fewer than 3 doses, which provided an opportunity to evaluate the real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 1, 2, and 3 doses. We analyzed data on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2-3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (designated CIN2+) from the HPV Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project (HPV-IMPACT; 2008-2014).

Trends in High-grade Cervical Lesions and Cervical Cancer Screening in 5 States, 2008-2015.

Background: We describe changes in rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2, 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) during a period of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake and changing cervical cancer screening recommendations.

Methods: We conducted population-based laboratory surveillance for CIN2+ in catchment areas in 5 states, 2008-2015. We calculated age-specific CIN2+ rates per 100000 women by age groups.

Giardiasis in the United States - an epidemiologic and geospatial analysis of county-level drinking water and sanitation data, 1993-2010.

Giardiasis is the most commonly reported intestinal parasitic infection in the United States. Outbreak investigations have implicated poorly maintained private wells, and hypothesized a role for wastewater systems in giardiasis transmission. Surveillance data consistently show geographic variability in reported giardiasis incidence.

Presenting symptoms and onset-to-arrival time in patients with acute stroke and transient ischemic attack.

Delayed arrival to the emergency department (ED) precludes most stroke patients from receiving thrombolytic treatment. Our objective in this study was to examine the association between presenting symptoms and onset-to-arrival time (ie, time between onset of symptoms to arrival at the ED) in a statewide stroke registry. Demographics, clinical data, and presenting symptoms were collected for patients with acute stroke or symptomatic transient ischemic attack (TIA) admitted to 15 Michigan hospitals (n = 1922).

Polymorphisms in thrombophilia and renin-angiotensin system pathways, preterm delivery, and evidence of placental hemorrhage.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze functional polymorphisms in candidate genes (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]677C>T, MTHFR1298A>C, factor 5 1691G>A [FVL], and angiotensinogen (AGT)-6G>A) in relation to a hypothesized placental hemorrhage pathway to preterm delivery (PTD).

Study Design: We assessed maternal genotypes, pregnancy outcomes, and placental pathologic evidence among 560 white and 399 black women who were recruited at mid trimester into a prospective cohort study (1998-2004). Odds of dominant genotypes were calculated for PTDs with (n = 56) or without (n = 177) evidence of placental hemorrhage (referent = term) with the use of race-stratified polytomous logistic regression models.

A forward genetic screen in Drosophila implicates insulin signaling in age-related locomotor impairment.

Age-related locomotor impairment (ARLI) is one of the most detrimental changes that occurs during aging. Elderly individuals with ARLI are at increased risks for falls, depression and a number of other co-morbidities. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the genes that influence ARLI.

Infarction involving the insula and risk of mortality after stroke.

Background: Cerebral infarction involving the insula has been associated with decreased survival following stroke. We hypothesized that infarct volume may reduce this association.

Methods: The subjects were acute stroke patients who had consented to 2-year follow-up after stroke as part of the Michigan Acute Stroke Care Overview and Treatment Surveillance System registry.

Do presenting symptoms explain sex differences in emergency department delays among patients with acute stroke?

Background And Purpose: Previous studies report that women with stroke may experience longer delays in diagnostic workup than men after arriving at the emergency department. We hypothesized that presenting symptom differences could explain these delays.

Methods: Data were collected on 1922 acute stroke cases who presented to 15 hospitals participating in a statewide stroke registry.

Mid-pregnancy circulating cytokine levels, histologic chorioamnionitis and spontaneous preterm birth.

Some spontaneous preterm deliveries (PTD) are caused by occult infections of the fetal membranes (histologic chorioamnionitis [HCA]). High levels of infection-related markers, including some cytokines, sampled from maternal circulation in mid-pregnancy have been linked to PTD, but whether these specifically identify HCA has not been established. We have tested associations between 13 Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines and PTD with and without HCA in a prospective cohort study.

Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes.

Stroke has a greater effect on women than men because women have more events and are less likely to recover. Age-specific stroke rates are higher in men, but, because of their longer life expectancy and much higher incidence at older ages, women have more stroke events than men. With the exception of subarachnoid haemorrhage, there is little evidence of sex differences in stroke subtype or severity.

Effect of pretreatment with statins on ischemic stroke outcomes.

Background And Purpose: Statins reduce the risk of stroke in at-risk populations and may improve outcomes in patients taking statins before an ischemic stroke (IS). Our objectives were to examine the effects of pretreatment with statins on poor outcome in IS patients.

Methods: Over a 6-month period all acute IS admissions were prospectively identified in 15 hospitals participating in a statewide acute stroke registry.

Sex differences in acute stroke care in a statewide stroke registry.

Background And Purpose: Many studies have reported poorer stroke outcomes in women, and some studies have reported sex differences in care. We analyzed data from a hospital-based stroke registry to determine whether acute stroke care and discharge status differed by sex.

Methods: Detailed chart-level information was collected on 2566 subjects admitted for acute stroke or transient ischemic attack to 15 Michigan hospitals in 2002.

Sex differences in stroke recovery and stroke-specific quality of life: results from a statewide stroke registry.

Background And Purpose: Little is known about sex differences in stroke recovery. The few available studies have found that female stroke survivors are less likely to achieve independence in activities of daily living and have poorer quality of life than male survivors.

Methods: A total of 373 acute stroke survivors discharged from 9 hospitals participating in a statewide stroke registry were prospectively enrolled in an outcomes study.

Behavioral responses to odorants in drosophila require nervous system expression of the beta integrin gene myospheroid.

Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that mediate numerous developmental processes in addition to a variety of acute physiological events. Two reports implicate a Drosophila beta integrin, betaPS, in olfactory behavior. To further investigate the role of integrins in Drosophila olfaction, we used Gal4-driven expression of RNA interference (RNAi) transgenes to knock down expression of myospheroid (mys), the gene that encodes betaPS.

A proposed set of descriptors for functional senescence data.

Declines in function are common manifestations of aging in many phyla. Because functional senescence is thought to drive the increasing risk of death with age, understanding functional senescence is important for understanding aging. Experimental investigation of functional senescence requires one to quantitative and compare age-dependent declines in function between cohorts.

Rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING): a new method for assessing age-related locomotor decline in Drosophila.

Age-related behavioral declines are common manifestations of aging in animals. Negative geotaxis, an innate escape response during which flies ascend the wall of a cylinder after being tapped to its bottom, is one of the behaviors that senesces in Drosophila. Many laboratories, including ours, have used a variety of negative geotaxis assays based on the performance of single flies.