Lack of Premeditation Mediates the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals in Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorder.

Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) are associated with increased vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not everyone who experiences ACEs develops PTSD. Impulsivity has gained interest as a potential mediator between ACEs and PTSD, given that both PTSD and ACEs have been closely related to impulsivity. However, less is known about the relationship within the context of substance use disorder (SUD), a population highly vulnerable to co-occurring PTSD.

The association of socioeconomic status with the success of chat-based online counseling for children and youth: A latent change score modeling approach.

Children and youth from lower subjective socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are at a heightened risk of mental disorders. Online counseling is a valuable tool to reach those less likely to seek professional help, but its success across different SES backgrounds remains unclear. This study explores the association between subjective SES and online counseling outcomes.

Salmonella Typhimurium expansion in the inflamed murine gut is dependent on aspartate derived from ROS-mediated microbiota lysis.

Inflammation boosts the availability of electron acceptors in the intestinal lumen, creating a favorable niche for pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. However, the mechanisms linking intestinal inflammation-mediated changes in luminal metabolites and pathogen expansion remain unclear. Here, we show that mucosal inflammation induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.

A pilot randomized controlled trial of medication adherence therapy: Psychosocial leverage using a significant other (MAT-PLUS) for individuals on extended-release naltrexone.

Background: Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is an important treatment option for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and/or alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, problems with retention are a major barrier to its overall effectiveness, and interventions to improve adherence are underdeveloped. The purpose of this study was to pilot test the MAT-PLUS intervention, which combines assertive outreach and involvement of a treatment significant other (TSO) to improve adherence to XR-NTX.

Quality of life in people with epilepsy: The associations of anti-seizure medications and biopsychosocial variables.

People with epilepsy, on average, experience lower quality of life (QOL) than healthy controls. This study examined the associations between specific anti-seizure medications, biopsychosocial factors, and QOL in people with epilepsy. Analysis of covariance revealed that individuals taking three or more anti-seizure medications had significantly lower QOL than those taking levetiracetam.

Linguistic Variables and Gender Differences Within a Messenger-Based Psychosocial Chat Counseling Service for Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Text messaging is widely used by young people for communicating and seeking mental health support through chat-based helplines. However, written communication lacks nonverbal cues, and language usage is an important source of information about a person's mental health state and is known to be a marker for psychopathology.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate language usage, and its gender differences and associations with the presence of psychiatric symptoms within a chat counseling service for adolescents and young adults.

An early-life microbiota metabolite protects against obesity by regulating intestinal lipid metabolism.

The mechanisms by which the early-life microbiota protects against environmental factors that promote childhood obesity remain largely unknown. Using a mouse model in which young mice are simultaneously exposed to antibiotics and a high-fat (HF) diet, we show that Lactobacillus species, predominant members of the small intestine (SI) microbiota, regulate intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to limit diet-induced obesity during early life. A Lactobacillus-derived metabolite, phenyllactic acid (PLA), protects against metabolic dysfunction caused by early-life exposure to antibiotics and a HF diet by increasing the abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in SI IECs.

Who are frequent chatters? Characterization of frequent users in a 24/7 messenger-based psychological chat counseling service for children and adolescents.

Background: Online helplines have shown a high acceptance, feasibility, and usability, especially with young people. Helplines usually aim to provide one-time crisis intervention; however, there are users who frequently use such services, tying a disproportionately large proportion of service capacities. To date, there is no research on the characterization of frequent users of online helplines.

The Impact of a Messenger-Based Psychosocial Chat Counseling Service on Further Help-Seeking Among Children and Young Adults: Longitudinal Study.

Background: Mental crises have high prevalences in adolescence. Early interventions appear to be highly important to diminish the risk of the deterioration, recurrence, or chronification of symptoms. In recent years, various providers have started offering live chat support in psychological crises.

The medial entorhinal cortex is necessary for the stimulus control over hippocampal place fields by distal, but not proximal, landmarks.

A fundamental property of place cells in the hippocampus is the anchoring of their firing fields to salient landmarks within the environment. However, it is unclear how such information reaches the hippocampus. In the current experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the stimulus control exerted by distal visual landmarks requires input from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC).

Recurrent ventral curvature after corporoplasty with tunica vaginalis flap.

Introduction And Objective: Optimal means to correct ventral curvature (VC) is debated. Our preferred technique for curvature greater than 45° is corporoplasty using tunica vaginalis flap (TVF). We describe our complications with TVF for ventral lengthening.

Acceptability and feasibility of a messenger-based psychological chat counselling service for children and young adults ("krisenchat"): A cross-sectional study.

Background: Adolescence represents a vulnerable period to experience personal crises or mental health problems. However, many concerns stay unnoticed due to the hesitance of young people to seek help and the unavailability and inaccessibility of appropriate help services. Contemporary interventions have been developed incorporating with target group specific needs and preferred modes of communication.

The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 in Differentiating Neurocognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning in a Pediatric Concussion Population.

Objective: In concussion populations, suboptimal task engagement detected by performance validity tests (PVTs) has been associated with poorer neuropsychological scores and greater post-concussive symptoms (PCS). This study examined if Pass/Fail status on the Test of Memory Malingering-TOMM Trial 1-differentiated the neurocognitive, emotional, and behavioral profile of pediatric patients with concussion.

Method: This study utilized archival data from 93 patients (mean age = 14.

High-fat diet-induced colonocyte dysfunction escalates microbiota-derived trimethylamine -oxide.

A Western-style, high-fat diet promotes cardiovascular disease, in part because it is rich in choline, which is converted to trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota. However, whether diet-induced changes in intestinal physiology can alter the metabolic capacity of the microbiota remains unknown. Using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, we show that chronic exposure to a high-fat diet escalates choline catabolism by altering intestinal epithelial physiology.

Choice of extended release medication for OUD in young adults (buprenorphine or naltrexone): A pilot enhancement of the Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) intervention.

Background: The Youth Opioid Recovery Support (YORS) intervention is a promising approach for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in young adults that seeks to improve adherence to extended-release medications for OUD (XR-MOUD) and reduce opioid relapse through assertive outreach techniques. YORS was previously tested with individuals seeking extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX), but has not been tested on individuals pursuing extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP).

Methods: This pilot study tested the YORS intervention among a group choosing either XR-MOUD compared to historical treatment as usual (H-TAU) and intervention conditions from a previous study.

Leveraging the universal newborn hearing screen to impact parental knowledge of childhood speech development in low socioeconomic populations: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine the impact of a video intervention administered at the time of the universal newborn hearing screen on caregiver knowledge of infant cognitive and language development in low socioeconomic status English-speaking parents.

Methods: A parallel-group, single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from April to August 2016. Eligible participants were at least 18 years, delivered a singleton neonate, English speaking, and designated as low socioeconomic status based on household income and level of education.

Undocumented immigration and terrorism: Is there a connection?

Unauthorized immigration, already a divisive and controversial subject in American society, was reframed as a grave national security threat after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. Yet, despite substantial public, political and policy attention to the issue of undocumented immigration and terrorism, there has been relatively little empirical assessment of the relationship between unauthorized immigration flows and terrorist activity.

Reconstruction of Mastoid Cortex Defects with Hydroxyapatite Cement for Negative Sequelae of Mastoidectomy.

Objectives: Mastoid cortex defects resulting from mastoidectomy surgery can rarely lead to negative sequelae, including unsightly post-auricular depression and discomfort. This study sought to evaluate the use of hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) to reconstruct mastoidectomy cortex defects.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was undertaken for all patients that underwent reconstruction of the mastoid cortex using HAC at a single tertiary medical center between 2013 and 2019.

Patients with morbid obesity should not be routinely screened for Cushing's syndrome: Results of retrospective study of patients attending a specialist weight management service.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare condition which results in multi-system involvement and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Screening for CS in patients with obesity has been suggested to identify undiagnosed or occult cases. This study was performed to determine whether CS screening is indicated in a tier 3 weight management centre in the UK.

Bystander CPR training: is non-classroom based CPR training as effective as a classroom based approach? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: In Scotland, approximately 5% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients survive to hospital discharge. Improving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), especially in rural areas, could have a significant effect on the numbers of lives saved. The objective of this study was to systematically review whether non-classroom-based bystander CPR training is as effective as classroom-based training.

Microaggressions experienced by people with multiple sclerosis in the workplace: An exploratory study using Sue's taxonomy.

Purpose: Microaggressions are subtle forms of discrimination and include verbal, nonverbal, or environmental slights that convey disparaging messages to people based upon their group membership, such as disability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of microaggressions in the workplace among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Method: This study used a community-based participatory research approach and qualitative design.

Post-Adoption Problem Behaviours in Adolescent and Adult Dogs Rehomed through a New Zealand Animal Shelter.

Problem behaviours in dogs rehomed through animal shelters can jeopardise the long-term success of adoptions. In this study, data from 61 adolescent and adult dog adoptions that occurred through an animal shelter in Auckland, New Zealand, from 1 November 2015 to 31 July 2016 were analysed to describe the frequency of problem behaviours and level of adopter concern at different time points post-adoption. Amongst the 57 dogs with behavioural information available, 40 (70%) had at least one reported problem behaviour, and the most frequently reported problem behaviours were poor manners (46%), destruction of household items (30%), and excessively high energy (28%).

Programming membrane permeability using integrated membrane pores and blockers as molecular regulators.

We report a bottom-up synthetic biology approach to engineering vesicles with programmable permeabilities. Exploiting the concentration-dependent relationship between constitutively active pores (alpha-hemolysin) and blockers allows blockers to behave as molecular regulators for tuning permeability, enabling us to systematically modulate cargo release kinetics without changing the lipid fabric of the system.