Virtual pharmaceutical companies: collaborating flexibly in pharmaceutical development.

Research and development (R&D) collaborations represent one approach chosen by the pharmaceutical industry to tackle current challenges posed by declining internal R&D success rates and fading of the blockbuster model. In recent years, a flexible concept to collaborate in R&D has emerged: virtual pharmaceutical companies (VPCs). These differ from other R&D companies, such as biotech start-ups, collaborating with big pharmaceutical companies, because they solely comprise experienced teams of managers.

Is the intraosseous access route fast and efficacious compared to conventional central venous catheterization in adult patients under resuscitation in the emergency department? A prospective observational pilot study.

Background: For patients' safety reasons, current American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council guidelines recommend intraosseous (IO) vascular access as an alternative in cases of emergency, if prompt venous catheterization is impossible. The purpose of this study was to compare the IO access as a bridging procedure versus central venous catheterization (CVC) for in-hospital adult emergency patients under resuscitation with impossible peripheral intravenous (IV) access. We hypothesised, that CVC is faster and more efficacious compared to IO access.

Celiac dissection after blunt abdominal trauma complicated by acute hepatic failure: case report and review of literature.

Injuries of the abdominal visceral vessels are uncommon but devastating entities resulting in extremely high rates of mortality. The most common cause of abdominal vascular injuries is penetrating trauma, accounting for 90% to 95% of these injuries. In contrast, blunt trauma accounts for 5% to 10% of all abdominal vascular lesions.

Trauma surgeons' attitude towards family presence during trauma resuscitation: a nationwide survey.

Objective: Trauma is the foremost cause of death in young patients. Not only the patient but also the family experience the consequences of trauma. Interactions of medical staff with family members in the emergency situation may fail psychological and emotional needs.

Analysis of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in PMN-neutrophils of major trauma patients in the early post-traumatic period: a pilot study.

Background: Post-traumatic inflammation is connected to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-dysfunction characterized by reduced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB during the post-traumatic period. However, the dynamic of NF-kappaB translocation in PMN of major trauma patients remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this pilot study was to analyze NF-kappaB in PMN from multiply injured patients immediately after trauma.

Intrathecal and systemic concentration of NT-proBNP in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Outcome of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on the development of secondary brain damage. In this context, recent studies underlined the role of the natriuretic peptides- atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)-in aneurysmatic subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH). Especially BNP correlates with intracranial pressure and clinical outcome after SAH.

Initial posttraumatic translocation of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes of trauma patients with multiple injuries: a pilot study.

Post-traumatic inflammation is connected to monocyte dysfunction characterized by reduced NF-kappaB translocation during the first post-traumatic days. Because the exact dynamic of monocytic NF-kappaB translocation in patients directly after trauma remains unclear, the aim of this pilot study was to measure the intranuclear presence of NF-kappaB in monocytes from patients with multiple injuries initially after the trauma and during the early post-traumatic period and to compare these results with downstream-placed mRNA expression alteration of TNF-alpha, as well as with clinical data. Eleven patients were enrolled with an Injury Severity Score of 16 to 66 points, and blood samples were drawn on admission within 90 min and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after trauma.