Normofractionated irradiation and not temozolomide modulates the immunogenic and oncogenic phenotype of human glioblastoma cell lines.

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with an overall poor prognosis after diagnosis. Conventional treatment includes resection, chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), and concomitant radiotherapy (RT). The recent success of immunotherapy approaches in other tumor entities, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors, could not be clinically transferred to GBM treatment so far.