Background: An increased intestinal permeability is a common feature in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Probiotics have shown to improve IBS symptoms and might also affect intestinal barrier function.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week intervention with Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 alone (single strain) or in combination with Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (dual strain) on gut barrier function, immune markers, and symptoms in IBS-D patients (ClinicalTrials.
The appropriateness of the fecal microbiota to adequately reflect the gut microbiota composition from more difficult to access luminal content at different colonic locations has been debated. Here, in a healthy population, luminal samples were collected from terminal ileum to rectum using an unique sampling technique without the need of prior bowel cleansing/preparation. Rectal swabs were collected immediately prior colonoscopy by an experienced physician, and fecal samples were collected at home by the participants themselves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn increasing number of cross-sectional studies suggests that diet may impact memory and cognition in healthy older adults. However, randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of whole-diet interventions on memory and cognition in healthy older adults are rather rare, and conflicting results are often reported. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to compile the current evidence regarding the potential effects of whole-diet interventions on 1) memory and 2) other cognitive outcomes in older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychiatric disorders are categorized on the basis of presence and absence of diagnostic criteria using classification systems such as the international classification of diseases (ICD) and the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (DSM). The research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative provides an alternative dimensional framework for conceptualizing mental disorders. In the present paper, we studied neural and behavioral effects of central stimulant (CS) medication in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls using categorical and dimensional stratifications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudies have shown that probiotics can decrease the symptoms of respiratory tract infections as well as increase antibody responses following certain vaccinations. We examined the effect of probiotic supplementation on anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as after COVID-19 vaccination. In this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention study with a parallel design, 159 healthy adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination and any known risk factors for severe COVID-19 were randomly allocated into two study arms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Roughly 20-30% of patients with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) fail to respond to central stimulant (CS) medication. Genetic, neuroimaging, biochemical and behavioral biomarkers for CS response have been investigated, but currently there are no biomarkers available for clinical use that help identify CS responders and non-responders.
Methods: In the present paper, we studied if incentive salience and hedonic experience evaluated after a single-dose CS medication could predict response and non-response to CS medication.
Probiotics can alter brain function via the gut-brain axis. We investigated the effect of a probiotic mixture containing , and . In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover design, 22 healthy subjects (6 m/16 f; 24.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that probiotics affect brain function the microbiome-gut-brain axis, but evidence in humans remains limited.
Objective: The present proof-of-concept study investigated if a probiotic product containing a mixture of , and (in total 3 × 10 CFU/day) affected functional brain responses in healthy subjects during an emotional attention task.
Design: In this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study (Clinicaltrials.
Probiotics are suggested to impact physiological and psychological stress responses by acting on the gut-brain axis. We investigated if a probiotic product containing R0175, R0052 and R1012 affected stress processing in a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover proof-of-concept study (NCT03615651). Twenty-two healthy subjects (24.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) consists of the infusion of donor faecal material into the intestine of patients with the aim to restore a disturbed gut microbiota.
Methods: In this pilot study (NCT03275467), the effect of three repeated FMTs (day 0, two weeks, four weeks) was studied and followed up for six months in nine collagenous colitis (CC) patients, using two stool donors.
Results: Five patients had an active disease at the time of baseline sampling.
Introduction: Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid metabolite produced by microbiota in the colon. With its antioxidant properties, butyrate has also been shown to alter the neurological functions in affective disorder models, suggesting it as a key mediator in gut-brain interactions.
Objective: Here, we evaluated the negative effect of oxidative stress on the transport of the serotonin precursor tryptophan as present in affective disorders.
Glycoprotein receptors are influenced by myriad intermolecular interactions at the cell surface. Specific glycan structures may interact with endogenous lectins that enforce or disrupt receptor-receptor interactions. Glycoproteins bound by multivalent lectins may form extended oligomers or lattices, altering the lateral mobility of the receptor and influencing its function through endocytosis or changes in activation.
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