"I Don't Have to be Sick to Still Be Worthy": The Barriers Experienced by Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors in New Zealand.

To identify the spectrum and nature of survivorship barriers experienced by New Zealand's adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivor population. In addition, we explore associations between survivorship barriers and sociodemographic characteristics, cancer type, and day-to-day happiness following the end of treatment. Participants were recruited for the online survey from AYA cancer service patient databases.

Visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department for Eye Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The use of the emergency department (ED) has been increasing, and many visits occur for non-urgent conditions. A similar trend was found among adult visits to the ED for ocular conditions. In this study we analyzed the impact of sociodemographic factors, presentation timing, and the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric ED (PED) encounters for ophthalmologic conditions.

Comparison of OCT imaging in children with foveal hypoplasia born full term versus preterm.

Purpose: It is unknown if foveal hypoplasia in full-term born children differs in structure and function from that observed in children born preterm. We compared macular structure and visual function in children with history of prematurity and full-term children diagnosed with foveal hypoplasia.

Methods: We compared three groups of subjects (3-18 years old): (1) full-term hypoplasia (FH, n = 56, gestational age ≥ 36 weeks); (2) preterm hypoplasia (n = 57, gestational age ≤ 31 weeks, birth weight ≤ 1500 g); (3) control (n = 54), full-term normal.

A baby carrier fall leading to intracranial bleeding and multilayered retinal hemorrhages.

Significant intracranial and retinal hemorrhages are often seen in infants with abusive head trauma, although accidental injury and previously undiagnosed medical disorders are important considerations in the differential diagnosis. We present the case of an infant with confirmed accidental trauma sustained from an adult-worn baby carrier fall with superimposed head crush injury, which resulted in significant cranial, intracranial, and retinal findings.

Effect of gestational age at birth, sex, and race on foveal structure in children.

Purpose: Premature birth, race, and sex are contributing risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and have long-term impact on children's retinal structure. Few studies investigate impact of race and sex on macular structure in children born preterm. This study compared foveal structure in preterm and full-term children.

Using OCT Fixation Shift to Assess Eccentric Fixation in Children With Residual Amblyopia.

Purpose: Eccentric fixation in amblyopia is often estimated grossly without precision. Although the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) fixation shift in the quantification of eccentric fixation in a small cohort of amblyopic children was recently reported, there is a lack of understanding of characteristics of OCT fixation shift. In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated eccentric fixation with OCT in a large cohort of children with residual amblyopia.

Do extremely preterm infants need retinopathy of prematurity screening earlier than 31 weeks postmenstrual age?

Objective: To evaluate the utility of screening all extremely preterm infants for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at 4 weeks chronologic age, which is earlier than recommended by the 2018 AAP guidelines.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of infants <27 weeks gestation from two tertiary NICUs between 2006 and 2018 who survived until first eye examination.

Results: 550 infants (gestational age 25.

Artificial intelligence for pediatric ophthalmology.

Purpose Of Review: Despite the impressive results of recent artificial intelligence applications to general ophthalmology, comparatively less progress has been made toward solving problems in pediatric ophthalmology using similar techniques. This article discusses the unique needs of pediatric patients and how artificial intelligence techniques can address these challenges, surveys recent applications to pediatric ophthalmology, and discusses future directions.

Recent Findings: The most significant advances involve the automated detection of retinopathy of prematurity, yielding results that rival experts.

Comparison of the Prognostic Utility of the Cell Cycle Progression Score for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in African American and Non-African American Men with Localized Prostate Cancer.

Background: Better prostate cancer risk stratification is necessary to inform medical management, especially for African American (AA) men, for whom outcomes are particularly uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of both a cell cycle progression (CCP) score and a clinical cell-cycle risk (CCR) score to predict clinical outcomes in a large cohort of men with prostate cancer highly enriched in an AA patient population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Patients were diagnosed with clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate and treated at The Ochsner Clinic (New Orleans, LA, USA) from January 2006 to December 2011.

Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Response to Chemotherapy.

Purpose: Mutations or copy number abnormalities of genes involved in homologous recombination (HR) occur in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DNA-based measures of HR deficiency (HRD) have been developed and may help identify tumors with better response to DNA-damaging agents. This study aimed to describe the HR pathway mutations and HRD status and determine their association with treatment response and outcome in patients with PDAC.

Characterisation of homologous recombination deficiency in paired primary and recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Background: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is shown to predict response to DNA-damaging therapies in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC); however, changes in HRD during progression remains unknown.

Methods: HRD scores were evaluated in paired primary and/or recurrent HGSOC samples (N = 107) from 54 patients with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. BRCA1/2 mutation, BRCA1 methylation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and HRD scores were characterised using tumour DNA-based next-generation sequencing assays.

Comparison of cell cycle progression score with two immunohistochemical markers (PTEN and Ki-67) for predicting outcome in prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Previous studies of the cell cycle progression (CCP) score in surgical specimens of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients treated by radical prostatectomy (RP) demonstrated significant association with time to biochemical recurrence (BCR). In this study, we compared the ability of the CCP score and the expression of PTEN or Ki-67 to predict BCR in a cohort of patients treated by RP. Finally, we constructed the best predictive model for BCR, incorporating biomarkers and relevant clinical variables.

Identification of men with low-risk biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer as candidates for active surveillance.

Background: A combined clinical cell-cycle risk (CCR) score that incorporates prognostic molecular and clinical information has been recently developed and validated to improve prostate cancer mortality (PCM) risk stratification over clinical features alone. As clinical features are currently used to select men for active surveillance (AS), we developed and validated a CCR score threshold to improve the identification of men with low-risk disease who are appropriate for AS.

Methods: The score threshold was selected based on the 90th percentile of CCR scores among men who might typically be considered for AS based on NCCN low/favorable-intermediate risk criteria (CCR = 0.

Analytical validation of a 12-gene molecular test for the prediction of distant recurrence in breast cancer.

Aim: To validate the analytical performance of a 12-gene molecular assay that predicts distant recurrence for early-stage ER+/HER2- invasive breast cancer as run within a central reference laboratory.

Materials & Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast resections were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the expression of eight target genes, three housekeeper genes and one control gene to assess for DNA contamination.

Results: The assay results were highly correlated with a validated reference laboratory.

Prognostic utility of biopsy-derived cell cycle progression score in patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network low-risk prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy: implications for treatment guidance.

Objectives: To determine the prognostic utility of the cell cycle progression (CCP) score in men with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-defined low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).

Patients And Methods: Men who underwent RP for Gleason score ≤6 PCa at three institutions (Martini Clinic [MC], Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center [DVA] and Intermountain Healthcare [IH]) were identified. The CCP score was obtained from diagnostic (DVA, IH) or simulated biopsies (MC).

Patterns of retinal hemorrhage associated with pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis.

Background: Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) has been proposed as an alternative cause of retinal hemorrhage (RH) in children being evaluated for abusive head trauma. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of RH in children with CSVT.

Methods: The medical records of children >6 weeks of age with newly diagnosed CSVT and fundus examination by an ophthalmologist were examined retrospectively.

Sixth Nerve Palsy in Paediatric Intracranial Hypertension.

The purpose of this study was to report the incidence and describe the characteristics of sixth cranial nerve (CN VI) palsy in paediatric patients with intracranial hypertension (IH). A retrospective chart review of central Ohio children diagnosed with IH over the 3-year period from 2010 to 2013 was conducted. IH without identifiable cause was defined as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), whereas IH with identifiable pathologic aetiology was deemed secondary intracranial hypertension (SIH).

Intratumor Heterogeneity of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Primary Breast Cancer.

The 3-biomarker homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) assay measures the number of telomeric allelic imbalances, loss of heterozygosity, and large-scale state transitions in tumor DNA and combines these metrics into a single score that reflects DNA repair deficiency. The goal of this study is to assess the consistency of these HRD measures in different biopsies from distinct areas of the same cancer. HRD scores, BRCA mutation status, and promoter methylation were assessed in 99 samples from 33 surgically resected, stage I-III breast cancers; each cancer was biopsied in three distinct areas.

Use of the cell cycle progression (CCP) score for predicting systemic disease and response to radiation of biochemical recurrence.

Background: Determining the optimal treatment for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is challenging.

Objective: We evaluated the ability of CCP score (a prognostic RNA expression signature) to discriminate between systemic disease and local recurrence in patients with BCR after RP.

Methods: Sixty patients with BCR after RP were selected for analysis based on: 1) metastatic disease, 2) non-response to salvage external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and 3) durable response to salvage EBRT.

Analytical validation of a proliferation-based molecular signature used as a prognostic marker in early stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Aims: The aim of these studies was to validate the analytical performance of a cell cycle progression (CCP) gene signature that provides prognostic information for early stage lung adenocarcinomas.

Materials & Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung resections were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR for the expression of 31 target and 15 housekeeper genes comprising the CCP score.

Results: The signature had a standard deviation (SD) of 0.

Association of BRCA1/2 defects with genomic scores predictive of DNA damage repair deficiency among breast cancer subtypes.

Introduction: Homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair is of clinical relevance in breast cancer. Three DNA-based homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores (HRD-loss of heterozygosity score (LOH), HRD-telomeric allelic imbalance score (TAI), and HRD-large-scale state transition score (LST)) have been developed that are highly correlated with defects in BRCA1/2, and are associated with response to platinum therapy in triple negative breast and ovarian cancer. This study examines the frequency of BRCA1/2 defects among different breast cancer subtypes, and the ability of the HRD scores to identify breast tumors with defects in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway.

PTEN loss in biopsy tissue predicts poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer.

Objectives: To determine whether PTEN status in prostate biopsy represents a predictor of intermediate and long-term oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy, and whether PTEN status predicts response to androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 77 men treated by radical prostatectomy who underwent diagnostic biopsy between 1992-2006, biopsy samples were stained for PTEN expression by the PREZEON assay with >10% staining reported as positive. Cox proportional hazards and log-rank models were used to assess the correlation between PTEN loss and clinical outcomes.

Prognostic utility of the cell cycle progression score generated from biopsy in men treated with prostatectomy.

Purpose: The cell cycle progression score is associated with prostate cancer outcomes in various clinical settings. However, previous studies of men treated with radical prostatectomy evaluated cell cycle progression scores generated from resected tumor tissue. We evaluated the prognostic usefulness of the score derived from biopsy specimens in men treated with radical prostatectomy.