Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae) infestation triggers a spatiotemporal redox response dependent on soybean genotypes.

The redox homeostasis and photosynthetic pigments changes vary with Tetranychus ludeni infestation, with longer-cycle genotypes showing greater tolerance and efficiency in antioxidant defense. Infestations of Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Tetranychidae) have been frequently observed in soybean plants. In this context, understanding the oscillation of redox homeostasis is crucial for detecting and assessing the stress levels caused in the plants by these organisms.

Impacts of cultivar and management practices on the diversity and population dynamics of mites in soybean crops.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and population dynamics of mites in soybean crops with different cultivars and management practices. The study was conducted in two soybean production fields in the municipalities of Mato Queimado (L1) and Três de Maio (L2), Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Two transgenic cultivars were used, and insecticide applications varied among treatments.

Application of the subdural evacuating port system for the drainage of postoperative tension pneumocephalus: A technical note.

Background: Tension pneumocephalus is a neurosurgical emergency requiring prompt intervention. A variety of either temporizing or definitive methods was previously described as part of its management. Here, we report on an off-label use of a bed-side device and the subdural evacuating port system (SEPS)™ for the treatment of tension pneumocephalus.

Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio is Associated with Stroke Mechanism in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy.

Background: Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio (HIR), defined as Tmax >10s/Tmax >6s on computed tomography perfusion (CTP), and stroke mechanisms have been independently correlated with angiographic collaterals and patient outcomes. Slowly developing atherosclerotic stenosis may foster collateral development, whereas cardioembolic occlusion may occur before collaterals mature. We hypothesized that favorable HIR is associated with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke mechanism and good clinical outcome.

Subclavian steal phenomena in right-sided aortic arch with isolated left subclavian artery as demonstrated by quantitative-MRA.

Right-sided aortic arch with an isolated left subclavian artery is a very rare congenital anatomical variant that can lead to subclavian steal syndrome. We present a case of an asymptomatic patient who was incidentally found to have this variant on CT angiography with QMRA evidence of retrograde flow in the left vertebral artery consistent with subclavian steal phenomena. Since patients often remain asymptomatic until their compensatory mechanisms become compromised later in life, serial monitoring using non-invasive hemodynamic studies such as QMRA may guide treatment.

Vertebrobasilar Stroke: Association Between Infarction Patterns and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography Flow State.

Background Treatment and prognosis of vertebrobasilar atherosclerotic disease differs depending on stroke mechanism, such as artery-to-artery embolism, branch atheromatous disease, and hemodynamic ischemia. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between infarction pattern and flow status using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA), to determine the validity of using infarction patterns to infer stroke mechanism. Methods and Results This is a retrospective study of patients with ischemic stroke with intra- or extracranial vertebrobasilar atherosclerotic stenosis, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, neurovascular imaging, and QMRA, between 2009 and 2021.

Microsurgical Management of Complex Hypothalamic Hamartomas in the Era of Minimally Invasive Therapy: A Case Series and Narrative Review.

Background: There has been a paradigm shift in the management of hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) from traditional microsurgical techniques to less invasive alternatives. However, large and extensive HH may fail to respond to these therapies, necessitating craniotomies.

Methods: All patients who underwent microsurgical resection of a complex HH by the 2 senior authors from 2011 to 2021 were included.

Technical aspects and operative nuances using a high-definition 4K-3-dimensional exoscope for carotid endarterectomy surgery.

Purpose: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is effective in treating carotid artery stenosis to prevent stroke. Historically, this operation has been performed utilizing loupe magnification with or without the operating microscope (OM). However, there remains a need for continued improvement in operative visualization and surgical ergonomics.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography Fails to Screen In-Stent Restenosis but Predicts Good Long-Term Outcome.

Wingspan stent in the setting of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) has shown to be associated with in-stent restenosis (ISR). Conventional angiography is typically used to detect ISR, but quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA), a non-invasive measure of blood hemodynamics, has also been used to screen for ISR. This report highlights a case where QMRA failed to screen for ISR in a patient who received a Wingspan stent for symptomatic intracranial vertebral artery stenosis but predicted good long-term outcome.

Cerebral Bypass for Aneurysms in the Era of Flow Diversion: Single-Surgeon Case Series.

Background: With recent advances in endovascular treatments of brain aneurysms such as flow diverters, the role of cerebral revascularization needs to be re-evaluated.

Objective: To evaluate the contemporary indications and outcomes of cerebral revascularization for brain aneurysms.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of a prospectively maintained database was performed to review clinical and imaging data of all the patients who underwent cerebral revascularization for brain aneurysms over the past 10 yr.

Retrosigmoid transhorizontal fissure approach to lateral pontine cavernous malformation: comparison to transpetrosal presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach.

Objective: The retrosigmoid (RS) approach is a classic route used to access deep-seated brainstem cavernous malformation (CM). The angle of access is limited, so alternatives such as the transpetrosal presigmoid retrolabyrinthine (TPPR) approach have been used to overcome this limitation. Here, the authors evaluated a modification to the RS approach, horizontal fissure dissection by using the RS transhorizontal (RSTH) approach.

How I do it: endarterectomy for carotid web.

Background: The carotid web is an important and under recognized etiology for recurrent cryptogenic strokes. A management option for a symptomatic carotid web is a carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with surgical microdissection and removal of the intimal luminal defect.

Methods: We describe some of the technical nuances involved in successfully performing a carotid endarterectomy for resection of a carotid web.

Soybean Root Growth in Response to Chemical, Physical, and Biological Soil Variations.

Environmental conditions affect crop yield, and water deficit has been highlighted by the negative impact on soybean grain production. Radicial growth in greater volume and depth can be an alternative to minimize losses caused by a lack of water. Therefore, knowledge of how soybean roots behave before the chemical, physical, and biological attributes of the soil can help establish managements that benefit in-depth root growth.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Color-Coded Maps: An Alternative to Tractography.

Introduction: White matter tracts can be observed using tractograms generated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, the dependence of these white matter tract images on subjective variables, including how seed points are placed and the preferred level of fractional anisotropy, introduces interobserver inconsistency and potential lack of reliability. We propose that color-coded maps (CCM) generated from DTI can be a preferred method for the visualization of important white matter tracts, circumventing bias in preoperative brain tumor resection planning.

Soybean Plant Metabolism under Water Deficit and Xenobiotic and Antioxidant Agent Application.

The aim was to evaluate the interactive effects on biochemistry and physiology of soybean plants exposed to simultaneous xenobiotic and water deficit stresses, and the possible attenuation of plant damage by an antioxidant agent. Soybean plants were submitted to eight different soil water potentials, in two experiments (first experiment: -0.96, -0.

Sphenoid Wing Meningioma with Surgical Revascularization of an Injured Anterior Temporal Artery.

A 79-year-old woman presented to the emergency department following multiple falls in the previous week. Her past medical history was unremarkable except for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She was neurologically intact on arrival with normal laboratory data.

Near Total Versus Gross Total Resection of Large Vestibular Schwannomas: Facial Nerve Outcome.

Background: Large vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with brainstem compression are generally reserved for surgical resection. Surgical aggressiveness must be balanced with morbidity from cranial nerve injury. The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate the clinical presentation, management modality, and patient outcomes following near total resection (NTR) vs gross total resection (GTR) of large VSs.

Unilateral Venous Approach to Contralateral or Bilateral Carotid Cavernous Shunts.

Background: Cavernous carotid fistulas (CCF) are anatomically complex vascular lesions. Treatment via the venous approach has been previously described and is highly dependent on the patency of the drainage pathways. The use of a unilateral approach to contralateral or bilateral shunts is technically challenging and not commonly described.

Rechallenging Recurrent Glioblastoma with Intra-Arterial Bevacizumab with Blood Brain-Barrier Disruption Results in Radiographic Response.

Background: High-dose bevacizumab delivered via super selective intra-arterial cerebral infusion (SIACI) is one promising clinical trial combination for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Although both continuous intravenous and intra-arterial administration of bevacizumab, and rechallenge with intravenous bevacizumab, have demonstrated improved survival, this is the first description of rechallenging GBM with SIACI of bevacizumab.

Case Description: We report a case of a 43-year-old woman with recurrent GBM who had received treatment from 3 clinical trials, including a rechallenge with SIACI of bevacizumab.

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Decompression Guided by Preoperative Ultrasound Mapping.

Injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) from compression or entrapment may result in meralgia paresthetica, a painful mononeuropathy of the anterolateral thigh. Surgical decompression of the LFCN may provide relief when conservative management fails. However, the considerable anatomic variability of this nerve may complicate surgical localization and thus prolong operative time.

Early Epidural Blood Patch to Treat Intracranial Hypotension after Iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage from Lumbar Tubular Microdiscectomy.

Management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak during minimally invasive lumbar tubular microdiscectomy poses challenges unique to the surgical approach. Primary repair can be limited via tubular retractor systems, and onlay graft and dural sealant are often the treatment of choice intraoperatively. Postoperative persistent CSF leak may lead to intracranial hypotension (IH) and positional headaches.