Muscle-brain crosstalk mediated by exercise-induced myokines - insights from experimental studies.

Over the past couple of decades, it has become apparent that skeletal muscles might be engaged in endocrine signaling, mostly as a result of exercise or physical activity in general. The importance of this phenomenon is currently studied in terms of the impact that exercise- or physical activity -induced signaling factors have, in the interaction of the "muscle-brain crosstalk." So far, skeletal muscle-derived myokines were demonstrated to intercede in the connection between muscles and a plethora of various organs such as adipose tissue, liver, or pancreas.

Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well as contributes to mental health maintenance. The pathways that underpin the axis expand from macroscopic interactions with the nervous system, to the molecular signals that include microbial metabolites, tight junction protein expression, or cytokines released during inflammation. The dysfunctional GBA has been repeatedly linked to the occurrence of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors development.

Effects of the Co-Overexpression of the and Genes on the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-Ergic Differentiation of Wharton's-Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

One of the problems with using MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) to treat different neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system is their low ability to spontaneously differentiate into functional neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate how the co-overexpression of the and genes affects the ability of genetically modified MSCs to differentiate into GABA-ergic neurons. A co-overexpression of two genes was performed, one of which, , was supposed to increase the resistance of the cells to the toxic agents in the brain environment.

Survival and Neurogenesis-Promoting Effects of the Co-Overexpression of and Genes on Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The main problem with using MSC () to treat the deficient diseases of the central nervous system is the low cell survival rate after the transplant procedure and their low ability to spontaneously differentiate into functional neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genetically modifying MSC. A co-overexpression of two genes was performed: was supposed to increase the resistance of the cells to the toxic agents and was supposed to direct cells into the neuronal differentiation pathway.

Study of the influence of NGF-β gene overexpression in human mesenchymal stem cells on the expression level of SOX1 and neural pathway genes.

Background: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein exhibiting an influence on the neural development and also, its' impact on the stem cells remains a great potential treatment strategy. The influence of its overexpression on the neural pathway differentiation on Wharton's Jelly derived MSC (WJ-MSC) has not been studied so far, but considering the fact that these cells are relatively easy to obtain, using them may indicate an innovative change in stem cell therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NGF overexpression in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on SOX1 and genes related to the neural pathway.