Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 5 is a critical intermediate of costimulatory signaling pathways triggered by glucocorticoid-induced TNFR in T cells.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family members such as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (GITR) control T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. Importantly, GITR functions as a pivotal regulator of physiologic and pathologic immune responses by abrogating the suppressive effects of T regulatory cells and costimulating T effector cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GITR-triggered signal transduction pathways remain unclear.