Usability of an Eye Drop Delivery Aid for Single-Dose Instillation: Results from a Market Research Study.

Background: One of the challenges of treating chronic ocular diseases like vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), glaucoma, and ocular surface disease is patient adherence to topical medication. To support correct eye drop instillation, a variety of delivery aids have been developed for both single-dose and conventional multi-dose containers.

Methods: To evaluate Dropaid Single-dose, an eye drop delivery aid designed for single-dose containers, a usability study was conducted on 30 parents and caregivers of patients with VKC.

Waste-to-wealth application of wastewater treatment algae-derived hydrochar for Pb(II) adsorption.

Hydrochar, as an energy-lean solid waste, is generated from an advanced biofuel conversion technique hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and always leads to environmental pollution without appropriate disposal. In this study, HTL-derived hydrochar is recycled and prepared as adsorbent used for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from wastewater. As the original porous structure of hydrochar is masked by oily volatiles remained after HTL, two types of oil-removal pretreatment (Soxhlet extraction and CO activation) are explored.

Open-Circuit Photovoltage Exceeding 950 mV with an 840 mV Average at SbS-Thianthrene Junctions Enabled by Thioperylene Anhydride Back Contacts.

Covalently attached perylene monolayers serve as back contacts for SbS photoelectrochemical cells with a thianthrene front, rectifying contact. Covalent attachment of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, PTCDA, to Si(111) utilizes an anhydride-to-imide conversion at surface-attached amines. For SbS solar absorbers, we hypothesized that a terminal thioperylene anhydride, i.

Quantification of Surface Reactivity and Step-Selective Etching Chemistry on Single-Crystal BiOI(001).

To bridge the gap between the cleanliness of a freshly cleaved surface of 2D BiOI and that available from a purely chemical-etching means, we subjected single-crystal BiOI to a series of surface treatments and quantified the resulting chemical states and electronic properties. Vapor transport syntheses included both physical vapor transport from single-source BiOI, as well as chemical vapor transport from BiO + BiI and from Bi + I + BiO. Surface treatments included tape cleaving, rinsing in water, sonication in acetone, an aqueous HF etch, and a sequential HF etch with subsequent sonication in acetone.