Methods for Estimating the Detection and Quantification Limits of Key Substances in Beer Maturation with Electronic Noses.

To evaluate the suitability of an analytical instrument, essential figures of merit such as the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) can be employed. However, as the definitions k nown in the literature are mostly applicable to one signal per sample, estimating the LOD for substances with instruments yielding multidimensional results like electronic noses (eNoses) is still challenging. In this paper, we will compare and present different approaches to estimate the LOD for eNoses by employing commonly used multivariate data analysis and regression techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), principal component regression (PCR), as well as partial least squares regression (PLSR).

Ancestral state reconstruction in Peronospora provides further evidence for host jumping as a key element in the diversification of obligate parasites.

Biotrophic plant parasites cause economically important diseases, e.g. downy mildew of grape, powdery mildew of legumes, wheat stripe rust, and wheat bunt.

A global genetic analysis of herbarium specimens reveals the invasion dynamics of an introduced plant pathogen.

The introduction, spread, and impact of fungal plant pathogens is a critical concern in ecological systems. In this study, we were motivated by the rather sudden appearance of Acermacrophyllum heavily infected with powdery mildew. We used morphological and genetic analyses to confirm the pathogen causing the epidemic was Sawadaea bicornis.

The first smut fungus, sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from (Asteraceae).

There are 63 known species of (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A species of was collected in the flower heads of (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) on Rhodes Island, Greece, in 2015 and 2017, which represents the first smut record of a smut fungus on a host plant species in this tribe.

species causing leaf-stripe smut revisited.

Leaf-stripe smuts on grasses are a highly polyphyletic group within , occurring in three genera, , , and . Currently more than 12 species inciting stripe smuts are recognised. The majority belong to the -complex, with about 30 different taxa described from 165 different plant species.

Asexual and sexual morphs of revisited.

Yeasts of the now unused asexually typified genus belong to the smut fungi () and are mostly believed to be apathogenic asexual yeasts derived from smut fungi that have lost pathogenicity on plants. However, phylogenetic studies have shown that most species are phylogenetically close to smut fungi parasitic to plants, suggesting that some of the species might represent adventitious isolations of the yeast morph of otherwise plant pathogenic smut fungi. However, there are some species, such as (syn.

The Plant-Dependent Life Cycle of Thecaphora thlaspeos: A Smut Fungus Adapted to Brassicaceae.

Smut fungi are globally distributed plant pathogens that infect agriculturally important crop plants such as maize or potato. To date, molecular studies on plant responses to smut fungi are challenging due to the genetic complexity of their host plants. Therefore, we set out to investigate the known smut fungus of Brassicaceae hosts, Thecaphora thlaspeos.

Towards a universal barcode of oomycetes--a comparison of the cox1 and cox2 loci.

Oomycetes are a diverse group of eukaryotes in terrestrial, limnic and marine habitats worldwide and include several devastating plant pathogens, for example Phytophthora infestans (potato late blight). The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (cox2) has been widely used for identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of various oomycete groups. However, recently the cox1 gene was proposed as a DNA barcode marker instead, together with ITS rDNA.

Analysis of newly established EST databases reveals similarities between heart regeneration in newt and fish.

Background: The newt Notophthalmus viridescens possesses the remarkable ability to respond to cardiac damage by formation of new myocardial tissue. Surprisingly little is known about changes in gene activities that occur during the course of regeneration. To begin to decipher the molecular processes, that underlie restoration of functional cardiac tissue, we generated an EST database from regenerating newt hearts and compared the transcriptional profile of selected candidates with genes deregulated during zebrafish heart regeneration.

The homeobox gene Lbx1 specifies a subpopulation of cardiac neural crest necessary for normal heart development.

Cardiac neural crest cells are known to play multiple roles during development of the inflow and outflow tract of the heart and the aortic arch. In addition, cardiac neural crest is required for normal heart tube looping and regulation of myocardial cell proliferation, as well as differentiation and function of the myocardium. We show that the homeobox gene Lbx1 is expressed in a subpopulation of the cardiac neural crest during tubular heart formation.