Relative foveal dark adaptation: a potential method for assessing macular health.

Background/objective: Dark adaptation measures photoreceptor recovery following intense light stimulation. Time to recovery reflects retinal function. We describe a novel method of relative foveal dark adaptation using an iPhone.

Defining Speaking Up in the Healthcare System: a Systematic Review.

Background: Communication issues have been shown to contribute to healthcare errors. For years healthcare professionals have been told to "speak up." What "speak up" means is unclear, as it has been defined and operationalized in many ways.

Disaster education for nursing students: A successful partnership with the American Red Cross.

Background: Educating nursing students on disasters is an essential component of baccalaureate nursing curriculum. Implementing effective education during and for rare events, such as disasters or pandemics, can be difficult for nursing programs attempting to cover required content.

Method: This curriculum improvement project was integrated into our community clinical course over several semesters.

Automated vision screening of children using a mobile graphic device.

Background/objective: Can measuring interocular brightness disparity, acuity, and colour vision classify children with amblyopia?

Subjects/methods: Two hundred eight subjects (3-14 years) were recruited for a prospective, observational protocol to measure interocular brightness disparity, uniocular acuities with and without a pinhole, and colour vision using an iPad. Subjects looked through polarizing filters and chose the brighter of two spaceships to measure interocular brightness disparity. The differential brightness of image pairs was varied through a staircase algorithm until equal brightness was perceived.