Iterative Design and Manufacturing of a 3D-Printed Pediatric Open and Laparoscopic Integrated Simulator for Hernia Repair (POLISHeR).

Background: Inguinal hernia is a common childhood pathology, making inguinal hernia repair (IHR) a key pediatric surgical procedure. Surgical success relies heavily on knowledge of groin anatomy, and both open and laparoscopic approaches require considerable repetition to master. As surgical simulators have been shown to improve performance for other surgical procedures, we developed a combined open and laparoscopic pediatric IHR simulator-named POLISHeR-to train residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons in both types of repair.

Extracranial Vascular Anomalies Driven by RAS/MAPK Variants: Spectrum and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations.

Background: We aimed to correlate alterations in the rat sarcoma virus (RAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in vascular anomalies to the clinical phenotype for improved patient and treatment stratification.

Methods And Results: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included 29 patients with extracranial vascular anomalies containing mosaic pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Tissue samples were collected during invasive treatment or clinically indicated biopsies.