First report of treatment failure in a patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis infected by Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi carrying Leishmania RNA virus: a fortuitous combination?

We report the case of a 32-year-old man from Rio de Janeiro, who was infected in the Amazon region of Brazil by Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi. Generally, patients with L. naiffi cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibit a good therapeutic response to either pentavalent antimonials or pentamidine.