Predictors of outcome in patients with cerebral palsy following selective dorsal rhizotomy.

Background: To identify outcome predictors of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) using logistic regression models.

Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted on children with spastic CP who had undergone SDR. Two outcomes were defined, one representing children not improving in motor function and spasticity and one representing children improving in motor function two years after surgery.

Insights into the formation of CdSe nanoplatelets using a flow reactor.

In recent years, the anisotropic semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) gained interest due to their unique optical properties, which depend primarily on their thickness. However, the formation mechanism behind the zinc blende CdSe NPLs remains unclear. Several theories were presented and discussed, but a concrete mechanism has not yet been found with evidence.

Worry and rumination as a transdiagnostic target in young people: a co-produced systematic review and meta-analysis.

PROSPERO (CRD42023408899).

Can an intervention designed to reduce repetitive negative thinking alter the response to a psychosocial stressor? A randomized controlled study.

Prior research suggests that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) negatively impacts mental health by intensifying and prolonging emotional reactivity to stress. This study investigated whether an intervention designed to reduce RNT alters emotional reactivity. Young adults with high trait RNT (N = 79) were randomly allocated to an RNT-focused intervention (smartphone app-based, 10 days) or a waiting list before exposure to a standardized stressor.

A deep learning quantification of patient specificity as a predictor of session attendance and treatment response to internet-enabled cognitive behavioural therapy for common mental health disorders.

Background: Increasing an individual's ability to focus on concrete, specific detail, thus reducing the tendency toward overly broad, decontextualised generalisations about the self and world, is a target within cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, empirical investigation of the impact of within-treatment specificity on treatment outcomes is scarce. We evaluated whether the specificity of patient dialogue predicted a) end-of-treatment symptoms and b) session completion for CBT for common mental health issues.

Does an app designed to reduce repetitive negative thinking decrease depression and anxiety in young people? (RETHINK): a randomized controlled prevention trial.

Background: The first onset of common mental health disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders, mostly lies in adolescence or young adulthood. Hence, effective and scalable prevention programs for this age group are urgently needed. Interventions focusing on repetitive negative thinking (RNT) appear especially promising as RNT is an important transdiagnostic process involved in the development of depression and anxiety disorders.

A transdiagnostic meta-analysis of acute augmentations to psychological therapy.

At least half of all patients with mental health disorders do not respond adequately to psychological therapy. Acutely enhancing particular biological or psychological processes during psychological therapy may improve treatment outcomes. However, previous studies are confined to specific augmentation approaches, typically assessed within single diagnostic categories.

The Bi-factor model of repetitive negative thinking: Common vs. unique factors as predictors of depression and anxiety.

Background And Objectives: Different forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) have traditionally been conceptualized as being distinctly linked to specific disorders. However, emerging evidence suggests that a common process lies at the core of different RNT manifestations. This common process might also largely explain the link between RNT and psychopathology.

Do mindfulness-based programmes improve the cognitive skills, behaviour and mental health of children and adolescents? An updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Question: Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are an increasingly popular approach to improving mental health in young people. Our previous meta-analysis suggested that MBPs show promising effectiveness, but highlighted a lack of high-quality, adequately powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs). This updated meta-analysis assesses the-state-of the-art of MBPs for young people in light of new studies.

The effect of concreteness training on peri-traumatic processing and intrusive memories following an analogue trauma.

High levels of rumination are a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Theoretical models of rumination as well as earlier empirical findings suggest that the dysfunctional effects of rumination are due to an abstract processing style, and that a more concrete style of thinking has beneficial effects on mental well-being. The present study therefore examined whether concreteness training prior to watching a trauma film prevents analogue PTSD symptoms in the form of intrusive memories.

Positive effect of the combination of multilevel contracture release and glucocorticoid treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Purpose: In the 1980s the first results of an early multilevel contracture release (MLCR) in patients suffering from progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) showed a positive effect on ambulation. Despite the demonstrated positive effects of prolongation of walking this treatment is not part of current guidelines. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of MLCR as well as its combination with glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on ambulation.

[Clubfoot Therapy in Accordance with Ponseti - Current Standard].

This manuscript evaluates the recent standard concept for clubfoot treatment. With regard to the history of clubfoot therapy and the return to conservative methods, the focus is laid on Ponseti's treatment concept. Due to its development according to the precise analysis of the pathoanatomy, the practical principle is simple and easy to learn and consists basically of two redression maneuvers, percutaneous achillotenotomy, and boots and bar abduction treatment.

Correction: The Effects of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy on Balance and Symmetry of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The Effects of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy on Balance and Symmetry of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Aim: Cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with dysfunction of the upper motor neuron and results in balance problems and asymmetry during locomotion. Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical procedure that results in reduced afferent neuromotor signals from the lower extremities with the aim of improving gait. Its influence on balance and symmetry has not been assessed.

Monosegmental laminoplasty for selective dorsal rhizotomy--operative technique and influence on the development of scoliosis in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) reduces spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and is performed either through a lumbosacral multilevel laminectomy or a single-level laminectomy at the medullary conus. Spinal interventions generally involve the risk of subsequent instability depending on the extent of structural weakening. Destabilizing spasticity in CP might further increase this risk for both options.

Avoiding drainage after major hip surgery in children is a viable option: results from a retrospective comparative study.

Purpose: The use of closed-suction drainage systems to evacuate haematomas after surgical procedures is still common practice in many orthopaedic departments. However, no evidence to support the routine use of closed-suction drains in orthopaedic surgery exists. Post-operative handling and removal of the drain is particularly complicated in children.

Predictors for the benefit of selective dorsal rhizotomy.

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a spasticity reducing treatment option for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Selection criteria for this procedure are inconclusive to date. Clinical relevance of the achieved functional improvements and side effects like the negative impact on muscle strength are discussed controversially.

Automatic initial contact detection during overground walking for clinical use.

The division of gait into cycles is crucial for identifying deficits in locomotion, particularly to monitor disease progression or rehabilitative recovery. Initial contact (IC) events are often used to separate movement into repetitive cycles yet automatic methods for IC identification in pathological gait are limited in both number and capacity. The aim of this work was to develop a more precise algorithm in IC detection.

Changes in hip geometry after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Hip development in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) may be different in comparison to that of typical developing children due to impaired motor function and altered lever arms. Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is known to reduce spasticity. It is postulated that it also improves mobility.

MRI evaluation of hip containment and congruency after closed reduction in congenital hip dislocation.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip is the most common congenital skeletal disease. In its most severe form--dislocation--the treatment is directed at reducing the hip and establishing normal congruency between the femoral head and the acetabulum. Closed reduction with casting is a common primary treatment, where reduction is confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Temporal but not spatial variability during gait is reduced after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy.

Introduction: Variability in task output is a ubiquitous characteristic that results from non-continuous motor neuron firing during muscular force generation. However, variability can also be attributed to errors in control and coordination of the motor neurons themselves in diseases such as cerebral palsy (CP). Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), a neurosurgical approach to sever sensory nerve roots, is thought to decrease redundant or excessive afferent signalling to intramedullary neurons.

Development of rice bodies in 2 children younger than 3 years.

Rice bodies are synovial fluid nodules macroscopically resembling shiny white rice beans. They have been seen in synovial fluid from several types of inflammatory arthritis including tuberculosis, pyogenic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis. Microscopically, they consist of amorphous material, fibrin, and collagen.

Off label use of botulinum toxin in children under two years of age: a systematic review.

The treatment of children with cerebral palsy with Botulinum Toxin is considered safe and effective, but is only approved for children older than two years of age. The effect of BoNT-A injection on juvenile skeletal muscle especially on neuromuscular junction density, distribution and morphology is poorly delineated and concerns of irreversible damage to the motor endplates especially in young children exist. In contrast, earlier treatment could be appropriate to improve the attainment of motor milestones and general motor development.

Biomechanical analysis of screw fixation vs. K-wire fixation of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis model.

Introduction: Previous data have shown that due to the technical ease, low-morbidity, and lower complication rates, the in situ single-implant fixation is the current standard for stabilization of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) fixation. Multiple-implant fixation is thought to be combined with a higher incidence of serious complications. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate single- vs.

Is botulinum toxin A effective for the treatment of plantar fasciitis?

Objectives: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is used as an alternative treatment for chronic orthopedic conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of BoNT-A on pain and functional outcome in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.

Methods: In this short-term, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients (N=40) were randomized to receive 200 units of BoNT-A (Dysport) or saline placebo.