Role of the 40S beak ribosomal protein eS12 in ribosome biogenesis and function in .

In eukaryotes, the beak structure of 40S subunits is formed by the protrusion of the 18S rRNA helix 33 and three ribosomal proteins: eS10, eS12 and eS31. The exact role of these proteins in ribosome biogenesis is not well understood. While eS10 is an essential protein encoded by two paralogous genes in , eS12 and eS31 are not essential proteins encoded by the single-copy genes and , respectively.