Profiling of mercapturic acids of acrolein and acrylamide in human urine after consumption of potato crisps.

Scope: Acrolein (AC) and acrylamide (AA) are food contaminants generated by heat treatment. We studied human exposure after consumption of potato crisps by monitoring excretion of mercapturic acids (MAs) in urine.

Methods And Results: MA excretion was monitored in human urine collected up to 72 h after ingestion of a test meal of experimental (study 1: 1 mg AA/150 g) or commercially available (study 2: 44 μg AA plus 4.

N7-glycidamide-guanine DNA adduct formation by orally ingested acrylamide in rats: a dose-response study encompassing human diet-related exposure levels.

Acrylamide (AA) is formed during the heating of food and is classified as a genotoxic carcinogen. The margin of exposure (MOE), representing the distance between the bench mark dose associated with 10% tumor incidence in rats and the estimated average human exposure, is considered to be of concern. After ingestion, AA is converted by P450 into the genotoxic epoxide glycidamide (GA).

There Goes the Neighborhood: Lipreading and the Structure of the Mental Lexicon.

A central question in spoken word recognition research is whether words are recognized relationally, in the context of other words in the mental lexicon [1, 2]. The current research evaluated metrics for measuring the influence of the mental lexicon on visually perceived (lipread) spoken word recognition. Lexical competition (the extent to which perceptually similar words influence recognition of a stimulus word) was quantified using metrics that are well-established in the literature, as well as a novel statistical method for calculating perceptual confusability, based on the Phi-square statistic.

Biological effects of acrylamide after daily ingestion of various foods in comparison to water: a study in rats.

Scope: Acrylamide (AA), classified as a genotoxic carcinogen, is generated by heating foods. We studied whether the food matrix modulates bioavailability and/or biotransformation and investigated kinetics and biological effectiveness of AA in rats.

Methods And Results: AA was given to the animals at a daily intake level of AA containing foods for up to 9 days, resulting in an exposure of 50 or 100 μg AA/kg body weight (b.

Lipreading, processing speed, and working memory in younger and older adults.

Purpose: To examine several cognitive and perceptual abilities--including working memory (WM), information processing speed (PS), perceptual closure, and perceptual disembedding skill--as factors contributing to individual differences in lipreading performance and to examine how patterns in predictor variables change across age groups.

Method: Forty-three younger adults (mean age = 20.8 years, SD = 2.