Heterologous Expression and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Recombinant Ikarugamycin Production.

Ikarugamycin is a member of the natural product family of the polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PoTeMs). The compound exhibits a diverse range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, anti-leukemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it interferes with several crucial cellular functions, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake in macrophages, Nef-induced CD4 cell surface downregulation, and mechanisms of endocytosis.

Expanding Polycyclic Tetramate Macrolactam (PoTeM) Core Structure Diversity by Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis and Bioengineering.

Polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PoTeMs) represent a growing class of bioactive natural products that are derived from a common tetramate polyene precursor, lysobacterene A, produced by an unusual bacterial iterative polyketide synthase (PKS) / non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). The structural and functional diversity of PoTeMs is biosynthetically elaborated from lysobacterene A by pathway-specific cyclizing and modifying enzymes. This results in diverse core structure decoration and cyclization patterns.

Trends of incidence and treatment strategies for operatively treated distal fibula fractures from 2005 to 2019: a nationwide register analysis.

Introduction: Valid epidemiological data about distal fibular fractures and their treatment strategies are missing. Innovative osteosynthesis techniques were introduced and improved during the past 15 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic development and the implementation of new treatment strategies in a nationwide register in Germany over a period of 15 years.

Leave it or fix it? How fixation of a small posterior malleolar fragment neutralizes rotational forces in trimalleolar fractures.

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of a small posterior malleolar fragment (PMF), containing less than 25% articular surface area, on ankle joint stability via computed tomography (CT) scanning under full weight bearing in a human cadaveric ankle fracture model.

Materials And Methods: A trimalleolar fracture with a PMF of less than 25% articular surface area was created in 6 pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric lower legs. The specimens were randomized into 2 groups stabilized by internal fixation including a positioning screw for syndesmotic reconstruction.

[Arthrodesis of the Upper Ankle and Subtalar Joint - Indication and Technique].

Arthrodesis of the upper ankle and subtalar joint are still frequently used and at the moment the gold standard in the therapy of severe arthritis and deformity of the ankle joint and hindfoot. The spectrum of indications is wide, beginning from posttraumatic or degenerative changes to postinfectious, rheumatoid and diabetic causes of arthritis and as a salvage procedure after failed ankle arthroplasty. The types of arthrodesis have to be differentiated from each other: tibiotalar, subtalar and tibiotalcalcaneal fusion.

The S2-Alar-Iliac Screw for Pelvic Trauma.

Percutaneous sacro-iliac screw osteosynthesis is considered to be standard of care for most posterior pelvic ring fractures. However, special situations require alternative strategies for sufficient stabilization. In these cases, stabilization can often be achieved using posterior instrumentation e.

Trends in arthrodeses and total joint replacements in Foot and Ankle surgery in Germany during the past decade-Back to the fusion?

Background: The goal of this study was to analyze trends in Foot and Ankle surgery in Germany during the past ten years.

Methods: Data of the German Federal Statistical Office from 2008 until 2018 were screened. We focused on the analysis of fusions and total joint replacements.

Complex biomechanical properties of non-augmented and augmented pedicle screws in human vertebrae with reduced bone density.

Background: In osteoporotic bone, the quality of the bone-to-implant interface is decreased, which may lead to early implant failure. Screw anchorage can be improved by augmentation. This effect is mainly investigated with a pull-out test.

Comparison of clinically used bilayer collagen membrane and trilayer collagen prototype fixation stability in chondral defects at the talus - An experimental human specimen study.

Background: The purpose of this human specimen experimental study was to compare the fixation stability of clinically used bilayer collagen membrane with fibrin glue with trilayer collagen prototype without fibrin glue in chondral defects at the medial or lateral talar shoulder (both matrices from Geistlich Pharma AG, Wollhusen, Switzerland).

Methods: Eleven human specimens were used. The membranes were implanted in standardized chondral defects at the medial and lateral talar shoulder randomized.

Bypassing Biocatalytic Substrate Limitations in Oxidative Dearomatization Reactions by Transient Substrate Mimicking.

Enzymatic oxidative dearomatization is an efficient way to generate chiral molecules from simple arenes. One example is the flavin-dependent monooxygenase SorbC involved in sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. However, SorbC requires a long-chain keto substituent at its phenolic substrate, thus preventing its application beyond the synthesis of natural sorbicillinoids or close structural analogues.

3D Optical Investigation of 2 Nail Systems Used in Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis: A Biomechanical Study.

Background: Although retrograde intramedullary nails for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) are an established fixation method, few studies have evaluated the stability of the available nail systems. The purpose of this study was to compare biomechanically the primary stability of 2 nail-systems, A3 (Small Bone Innovations) and HAN (Synthes), in human cadavers and analyze the exact point of instability in TTCA by means of optical measurement.

Methods: In 6 pairs of lower legs (n = 12) of fresh-frozen human cadavers with osteoporotic bone structure, bone mineral density (BMD) was determined.

Delayed Surgical Reconstruction of a Peroneal Tendon Rupture in an Accessory Os Peroneum.

A fracture of the os peroneum is a rare cause of ankle and foot pain and is often overlooked and not assumed. Only a few case reports have discussed the different etiologies, options for diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions for acute cases. We present a case of delayed diagnosis of an os peroneum fracture due to a distortion of the ankle that occurred during air sports.

A modified and enhanced test setup for biomechanical investigations of the hindfoot, for example in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis.

Background: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) using intramedullary nails is a salvage procedure for many diseases in the ankle and subtalar joint. Despite "newly described intramedullary nails" with specific anatomical shapes there still remain major complications regarding this procedure. The following study presents a modified biomechanical test setup for investigations of the hindfoot.

Size matters: The influence of the posterior fragment on patient outcomes in trimalleolar ankle fractures.

Introduction: Ankle fractures are increasing in incidence. The more complicated the lesion is, the higher the risk of developing posttraumatic arthrosis. Severe posttraumatic arthrosis results in a reduced quality of life.

Biomechanical comparison of stability of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with two different intramedullary retrograde nails.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the initial construct stability of two retrograde intramedullary nail systems for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCF) (A3, Small Bone Innovations; HAN, Synthes) in a biomechanical cadaver study.

Methods: Nine pairs of human cadaver bones were instrumented with two different retrograde nail systems. One tibia from each pair was randomized to either rod.

Management of an extended clivus fracture: a case report.

Background: Clivus fractures are highly uncommon. The classification by Corradino et al. divides the different lesions in longitudinal, transverse and oblique fractures.

An unusual cause of ankle pain: fracture of a talocalcaneal coalition as a differential diagnosis in an acute ankle sprain: a case report and literature review.

Background: The acute ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries seen in trauma departments. Ankle sprains have an incidence of about one injury per 10 000 people a day. In contrast tarsal coalition is a rare condition occurring in not more than one percent of the population.

Retrograde nail for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis as a limb salvage procedure for open distal tibia and talus fractures with severe bone loss.

The treatment of complex fractures of the distal tibia, ankle, and talus with soft tissue damage, bone loss, and nonreconstructable joints for which the optimal timing for reduction and fixation has been missed is challenging. In such cases primary arthrodesis might be a treatment option. We report a series of multi-injured patients with severe soft tissue damage and bone loss, who were treated with a retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis nail as a minimally invasive treatment option for limb salvage.