The role of research competence as an influencing factor for the careers of young academics. Findings and implications from studies on doctorates in medicine and life sciences in Germany.

Background: When viewed internationally, Germany boasts a high rate of doctoral candidates. Fields such as medicine and life sciences have a notably high proportion of doctoral students, a trend rooted in historical factors. Despite this, comprehensive empirical studies concerning the doctoral phase and early-career researchers, especially in relation to the rise of structured doctoral programmes, have only recently gained traction.

Clinical variety and prognosis of intracranial arachnoid cysts in children.

Arachnoid cysts (AC) occur in different intracranial locations. Management and prognosis depend on the clinical presentation and treatment guidelines do not exist. With this study, we want to demonstrate the clinical variety of arachnoid cysts in children and place a focus on outcome factors in operated cases.

Dual PARP and RAD51 Inhibitory Drug Conjugates Show Synergistic and Selective Effects on Breast Cancer Cells.

The genetic principle of synthetic lethality has most successfully been exploited in therapies engaging Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to treat patients with homologous recombination (HR)-defective tumors. In this work, we went a step further following the idea of a local molecular cooperation and designed hybrid compounds . The drug conjugates combine , the first PARP inhibitor approved for clinical use, with , an inhibitor of RAD51 that blocks its HR functions and yet permits RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation on single-stranded DNA.

The lonely struggle with autonomy: A case study of first-year university students' experiences during emergency online teaching.

This paper explores how first-year students experienced emergency online teaching during COVID-19 and aims at understanding individual experiences related to basic psychological need satisfaction, considering different levels of contextual facilitators for learning activities involving technology in higher education derived from the C-flat model. Employing a case study approach, interviews of 15 chemistry students were qualitatively analyzed. The results show negative effects of lacking internet connectivity and concurrence of learning and home spaces but positive effects of ceased commute between home and campus.

A Fibrinogen Alpha Fragment Mitigates Chemotherapy-Induced Rearrangements.

Rearrangements in the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) are frequently involved in therapy-induced leukemia, a severe side effect of anti-cancer therapies. Previous work unraveled Endonuclease G as the critical nuclease causing initial breakage in the bcr in response to different types of chemotherapeutic treatment. To identify peptides protecting against therapy-induced leukemia, we screened a hemofiltrate-derived peptide library by use of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-based chromosomal reporter of bcr rearrangements.

Regulations and practices of structured doctoral education in the life sciences in Germany.

Structured doctoral education is increasingly preferred compared to the individual model. Several science policy organisations give recommendations on how to structure doctoral education. However, there is little research on to what extent these recommendations find their way into practice.

Functional impairment after successful surgical reconstruction for proximal hamstring avulsion.

Purpose: Surgical refixation procedures after hamstring avulsion injuries show satisfying to excellent outcome results. However, for post-operative evaluation so far, used outcome scores were partially not injury-specific, heterogeneous, difficult to compare, and possibly overestimated due to ceiling effects. A new injury-specific assessment tool has recently been published, potentially depicting more realistic outcome results.

[Surgical Refixation after Proximal Hamstring Tendon Avulsion Injuries: Does the Time of Surgery Influence Functional Outcomes?].

 Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion injuries are rare. If they do occur, surgical treatment with tendon refixation is regarded as the method of choice. Surgical outcome measurements have been investigated heterogeneously and, therefore, are difficult to compare.

Receptors for short-chain fatty acids in brush cells at the "gastric groove".

In the stomach of rodents clusters of brush cells are arranged at the "gastric groove," immediately at the transition zone from the non-glandular reservoir compartment to the glandular digestive compartment. Based on their taste cell-like molecular phenotype it has been speculated that the cells may be capable to sense constituents of the ingested food, however, searches for nutrient receptors have not been successful. In this study, it was hypothesized that the cells may express receptors for short-chain fatty acids, metabolites generated by microorganisms during the storage of ingested food in the murine forestomach, which lacks the acidic milieu of more posterior regions of the stomach and is colonized with numerous microbiota.

Putative interaction of brush cells with bicarbonate secreting cells in the proximal corpus mucosa.

The gastric epithelium is protected from the highly acidic luminal content by alkaline mucus which is secreted from specialized epithelial cells. In the stomach of mice strong secretion of alkaline fluid was observed at the "gastric groove," the border between corpus and fundus mucosa. Since this region is characterized by numerous brush cells it was proposed that these cells might secrete alkaline solution as suggested for brush cells in the bile duct.

Band-like arrangement of taste-like sensory cells at the gastric groove: evidence for paracrine communication.

The discovery of taste-related elements within the gastrointestinal tract has led to a growing interest in the mechanisms and physiological significance of chemosensory monitoring of chymus composition. Previous work suggests that brush cells located in the "gastric groove," which parallels the "limiting ridge," a structure in rodents that divides the fundus from the corpus, are candidate sensory cells. A novel sectioning technique revealed that these cells are arranged in a palisade-like manner forming a band which borders the whole length of the corpus epithelium.

The use of high-resolution ultrasonography for preoperative detection of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) reliably assesses the status of the regional lymph node basins and provides prognostic information in patients with cutaneous melanoma, but is logistically demanding and expensive.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of high resolution B-mode ultrasonography (US) for pre-operative identification and characterization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective trial, the use of high resolution US was assessed in 25 consecutive patients with cutaneous melanoma identified for SLNB, first, for its value in primary detection of SLN, and, second, for its value in the correct assessment of SLN after lymphoscintigraphic mapping.

Ultrasound mapping of lymph node and subcutaneous metastases in patients with cutaneous melanoma: results of a prospective multicenter study.

Background: Ultrasound (sonography, B-mode sonography, ultrasonography) examination improves the sensitivity in more than 25% compared to the clinical palpation, especially after surgery on the regional lymph node area.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of metastases during follow-up in the draining lymph node areas from the scar of primary to regional lymph nodes (head and neck, supraclavicular, axilla, infraclavicular, groin) in patients with cutaneous melanoma with or without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or former elective or consecutive complete lymph node dissection in case of positive sentinel lymph node (CLND). cv: Prospective multicenter study of the Departments of Dermatology of the Universities of Homburg/Saar, Tubingen and Munich (Germany) in which the distribution of lymph node and subcutaneous metastases were mapped from the scar of primary to the lymphatic drainage region in 53 melanoma patients (23 women, 30 men; median age: 64 years; median tumor thickness: 1.

Lymph node metastases in patients with cutaneous melanoma: improvements in diagnosis by signal-enhanced color Doppler sonography.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether signal-enhanced color Doppler sonography (CDS) is superior to native CDS in detection of characteristic vascularity patterns that are important for the differentiation between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy in patients with cutaneous melanomas. Twenty-two melanoma patients presenting with 24 structures suspicious for metastases in B-Mode sonography were examined using native and signal-enhanced CDS in a prospective two-center study. Presumptive sonographic diagnoses were compared with results of histopathological and follow-up examinations.