Use of the Health Belief Model to identify factors associated with owner adherence to elimination diet trial recommendations in dogs.

Objective: To use the Health Belief Model to identify factors associated with owner adherence to elimination diet trial (EDT) recommendations by veterinarians for dogs with suspected cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs).

Sample: 192 owners of dogs prescribed an EDT between April 1, 2012, and April 1, 2017.

Procedures: Owners of dogs prescribed an EDT to diagnose CAFRs were identified through review of medical records from a single veterinary dermatology specialty practice.

The Association Between Disclosure of Same Sex Behavior to Healthcare Providers and PrEP Awareness Among BMSM in Baltimore.

The goal of this study was to explore the association between disclosure of same sex behavior to a healthcare provider and PrEP awareness in a sample of 192 Black MSM in Baltimore. After adjusting for age, education, sexual identity and employment status, we observed a trend of greater PrEP awareness among Black MSM who disclosed same sex behaviors to healthcare providers (adjusted odds ratio = 2.24, p = 0.

Perceptions of vaccination within a Christian homeschooling community in Pennsylvania.

Background: More than 1.8 million American children ages 5-17 are being educated at home. The percentage of school-aged children in the United States who are homeschooled increased from 1.

Vaccine-related attitudes and decision-making among uninsured, Latin American immigrant mothers of adolescent daughters: a qualitative study.

Uninsured Latin American immigrant women are at increased risk for vaccine preventable diseases, such as cervical cancer; yet gaps in vaccine coverage persist. The purpose of this study was to explore vaccine-related knowledge, attitudes and decision-making for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among uninsured Latin American immigrant mothers of adolescent daughters. A purposive sample of 30 low-income, uninsured, predominantly Latin-American immigrant mothers of adolescent daughters aged 13-17 were recruited from two academic-community managed health clinics in Virginia.

Alcohol retail sales licenses and sexually transmitted infections in Texas counties, 2008-2015.

Background: Research suggests that reduced retail alcohol outlet density may be associated with lower prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). On-premise sale of alcohol for immediate consumption is theorized as increasing social interactions that can lead to sexual encounters.

Objective: We examined associations between on- and off-premise retail alcohol sales licenses and number of newly diagnosed HIV and STI cases in Texas counties.

Willingness to pay for an Ebola vaccine during the 2014-2016 ebola outbreak in West Africa: Results from a U.S. National sample.

The 2014-2016 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa led to advances in the development of vaccines against Ebola. This study examined factors associated with willingness to pay for an Ebola vaccine among a U.S.

University Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Sources of Information About Zika Virus.

Colleges and universities are valuable partners for community health education outreach targeted to young adults. After the outbreak of Zika virus infection in the Americas was declared to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016, postsecondary institutions played an important role in educating at-risk communities about health promotion and disease prevention strategies. In April 2016, we recruited 613 undergraduate students from a large public university to complete a survey about their Zika-related knowledge, attitudes, and information seeking behaviors.

Theory-Based Analysis of Interest in an HIV Vaccine for Reasons Indicative of Risk Compensation Among African American Women.

Licensure of an HIV vaccine could reduce or eliminate HIV among vulnerable populations. However, vaccine effectiveness could be undermined by risk compensation (RC), defined by an increase in risky behavior due to a belief that the vaccine will confer protection. Interest in an HIV vaccine for reasons indicative of RC may serve as an indicator of actual RC in a postlicensure era.

Exploring evidence for behavioral risk compensation among participants in an HIV vaccine clinical trial.

Background: HIV vaccine trial participants may engage in behavioral risk compensation due to a false sense of protection. We conducted an ancillary study of an HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) vaccine efficacy trial to explore risk compensation among trial participants compared to persons who were willing to participate but ineligible based on previous exposure to the Ad5 virus (Ad5+) across three timepoints.

Methods: Participants were drawn from the Atlanta, GA site of the HVTN 505 vaccine trial.

Zika virus knowledge, attitudes, and vaccine interest among university students.

Background: Zika virus vaccine development is underway. We examined interest in receiving a Zika virus vaccine (after one becomes commercially available) among students at a large public university in Northern Virginia.

Methods: An online survey of Zika virus-related knowledge, attitudes, and interest in receiving a Zika vaccine was completed by 619 undergraduate students in April, 2016.

Interest in an Ebola vaccine among a U.S. national sample during the height of the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa.

To better understand the association between Ebola-related attitudes and interest in receiving an Ebola virus vaccine, a survey was administered to a U.S. national sample using GfK's KnowledgePanel®.

Community Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Ebola Virus Disease - Five Counties, Liberia, September-October, 2014.

As of July 1, 2015, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have reported a total of 27,443 confirmed, probable, and suspected Ebola virus disease (Ebola) cases and 11,220 deaths. Guinea and Sierra Leone have yet to interrupt transmission of Ebola virus. In January, 2016, Liberia successfully achieved Ebola transmission-free status, with no new Ebola cases occurring during a 42-day period; however, new Ebola cases were reported beginning June 29, 2015.

Giardiasis surveillance -- United States, 2011-2012.

Problem/condition: Giardiasis is a nationally notifiable gastrointestinal illness caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis.

Reporting Period: 2011-2012.

Description Of System: Forty-four states, the District of Columbia, New York City, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and Guam voluntarily reported cases of giardiasis to CDC through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS).

Cryptosporidiosis surveillance -- United States, 2011-2012.

Problem/condition: Cryptosporidiosis is a nationally notifiable gastrointestinal illness caused by extremely chlorine-tolerant protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium.

Reporting Period: 2011-2012.

Description Of System: Fifty state and two metropolitan public health agencies voluntarily report cases of cryptosporidiosis through CDC's National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Notes from the field: outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by Shigella flexneri - American Samoa, May-June 2014.

On May 9, 2014, a physician at hospital A in American Samoa noticed an abnormally high number of children presenting to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea. Based on preliminary testing of stool specimens, Entamoeba histolytica infection was suspected as a possible cause. Shigella was also suspected in a subset of samples.

Development, theoretical framework, and evaluation of a parent and teacher-delivered intervention on adolescent vaccination.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for adolescents includes three vaccines (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis [Tdap]; human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccine; and meningococcal conjugate vaccine [MCV4]) and an annual influenza vaccination. Given the increasing number of recommended vaccines for adolescents and health and economic costs associated with nonvaccination, it is imperative that effective strategies for increasing vaccination rates among adolescents are developed. This article describes the development, theoretical framework, and initial first-year evaluation of an intervention designed to promote vaccine acceptance among a middle and high school-based sample of adolescents and their parents in eastern Georgia.

Impact of a physician recommendation and parental immunization attitudes on receipt or intention to receive adolescent vaccines.

Four vaccines are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for adolescents. Parental attitudes may play a key role in vaccination uptake in this age group. In 2011, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among parents of adolescents in one county in Georgia to identify parental attitudes toward adolescent vaccination, reasons for vaccine acceptance or refusal, and impact of a physician recommendation for vaccination.

Understanding reasons for participating in a school-based influenza vaccination program and decision-making dynamics among adolescents and parents.

Influenza remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Vaccinating school-aged children has been demonstrated to be beneficial to the child and in reducing viral transmission to vulnerable groups such as the elderly. This qualitative study sought to identify reasons parents and students participated in a school-based influenza vaccination clinic and to characterize the decision-making process for vaccination.

Racial differences and correlates of potential adoption of preexposure prophylaxis: results of a national survey.

Objective: To examine the association between sociodemographic factors, sexual behaviors, and social factors on potential uptake of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among African American and White adult women in the United States.

Methods: Participants were recruited through a nationally representative, random-digit dial telephone household survey. Participants comprised a nationally representative, random sample of unmarried African American (N = 1042) and White women (N = 411) aged 20-44 years.

College graduation reduces vulnerability to STIs/HIV among African-American young adult women.

African-American women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. The Theory of Gender and Power (TGP) posits that socioeconomic exposures, including educational attainment, place women at increased risk for STIs/HIV. This study examined the association between educational attainment and vulnerability to STIs/HIV, as well as potential TGP-driven mediators of this association, among African-American women.

Factors mediating seasonal and influenza A (H1N1) vaccine acceptance among ethnically diverse populations in the urban south.

Objective: We examined the acceptability of the influenza A (H1N1) and seasonal vaccinations immediately following government manufacture approval to gauge potential product uptake in minority communities. We studied correlates of vaccine acceptance including attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and influenza immunization experiences, and sought to identify communication approaches to increase influenza vaccine coverage in community settings.

Methods: Adults ≥18 years participated in a cross-sectional survey from September through December 2009.