Danish population based study of familial epilepsy and childhood cancer.

Results from studies investigating the association between maternal or child epilepsy, use of anticonvulsants in pregnancy, and childhood cancer are inconsistent and at times contradictory. Linking Danish national databases, we obtained epilepsy and childhood cancer diagnoses, and anticonvulsant use data. We estimated adjusted odds ratios of all or specific childhood cancers in relation to maternal or child epilepsy and anticonvulsant therapies using conditional logistic regression.

Maternal Exposure to Heavy Metals From Industrial Sources During Pregnancy and Childhood Cancer Risk in California.

Objective: The study investigated maternal exposure to heavy metals from industrial sources during pregnancy as potential risk factors for childhood cancer.

Methods: Cases ages 0-19 were identified from California Cancer Registry. Controls (20:1 ratio) were randomly selected from California Birth Registry, frequency-matched by birth year (1998-2016).

Maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources during pregnancy and childhood cancer risk in California.

Background: Maternal solvent exposure has been suspected to increase offspring cancer risk. The study aimed to evaluate the associations between maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial pollution during pregnancy and childhood cancer.

Methods: The present study included 15,744 cancer cases (aged 0-19 years at diagnosis) identified from California Cancer Registry and 283,141 controls randomly selected from California Birth Registry (20:1 frequency-matched by birth year: 1998-2016).

Exposure to outdoor ambient air toxics and risk of breast cancer: The multiethnic cohort.

Background: A growing literature has reported associations between traffic-related air pollution and breast cancer, however there are fewer investigations into specific ambient agents and any putative risk of breast cancer development, particularly studies occurring in populations residing in higher pollution areas such as Los Angeles.

Objectives: To estimate breast cancer risks related to ambient air toxics exposure at residential addresses.

Methods: We examined the relationships between ambient air toxics and breast cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort among 48,665 California female participants followed for cancer from 2003 through 2013.

Effects of hypertension and use of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy on the risks of childhood cancers in Taiwan.

Background: Childhood cancers are associated with high mortality and morbidity, and some maternal prescription drug use during pregnancy has been implicated in cancer risk. There are few studies on the effects of hypertension, preeclampsia, and the use of antihypertensives in pregnancy on children's cancer risks.

Objective: This population-based cohort study analyzed the relationship between hypertension, preeclampsia, and antihypertensives taken during pregnancy and the risks of childhood cancers in the offspring.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and pregnancy complications and birth outcomes: A population-based cohort study in Denmark.

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is related to developing lung and liver disease, but no large-scale studies examine its association with birth outcomes.

Objective: We investigated the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes in mothers and children with AATD.

Methods: Using a large cohort data of Danish mothers and children with AATD from 1973 to 2013 (n = 2,027,229), with 559 cases (305 mothers and 254 children).

The neonatal blood spot metabolome in retinoblastoma.

Background: Retinoblastoma is rare but nevertheless the most common pediatric eye cancer that occurs in children under age 5. High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) is a powerful analytical approach to profile metabolic features and pathways or identify metabolite biomarkers. To date, no studies have used pre-diagnosis blood samples from retinoblastoma cases and compared them to healthy controls to elucidate early perturbations in tumor pathways.

A prediction model for classifying maternal pregnancy smoking using California state birth certificate information.

Background: Systematically recorded smoking data are not always available in vital statistics records, and even when available it can underestimate true smoking rates.

Objective: To develop a prediction model for maternal tobacco smoking in late pregnancy based on birth certificate information using a combination of self- or provider-reported smoking and biomarkers (smoking metabolites) in neonatal blood spots as the alloyed gold standard.

Methods: We designed a case-control study where childhood cancer cases were identified from the California Cancer Registry and controls were from the California birth rolls between 1983 and 2011 who were cancer-free by the age of six.

Hyperemesis gravidarum and the risk of childhood cancer - A case-control study in Denmark.

Objective: Only a few studies have reported on the association between hyperemesis gravidarum and the risk of childhood cancer. We examined possible associations in this population-based study in Denmark.

Methods: Pediatric cancer cases (n = 6420) were ascertained from the Denmark Cancer Registry among children born between 1977 and 2013.

Neonatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure in relation to retinoblastoma.

Background: Neonatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure can disrupt hormonal homeostasis and induce neuro- and immunotoxicity in children. In this exploratory study, we investigated associations between PFAS levels in neonatal dried blood spots and retinoblastoma risk.

Materials And Methods: This study included 501 retinoblastoma cases born from 1983 to 2011 and 899 controls frequency-matched by birth year (20:1 matching ratio), born to 755 US-born and 366 Mexico-born mothers in California.

Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.

Although recent studies have demonstrated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and several pediatric cancers, less is known about their role on childhood leukemia susceptibility. Using data from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium, we evaluated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and childhood leukemia. Pooling consortium data from 18 questionnaire-based and three registry-based case-control studies across 13 countries, we used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between a spectrum of birth defects and leukemia.

Preeclampsia, antihypertensive medication use in pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer in offspring.

Purpose: Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that presents a significant risk to both the mother and the fetus. Preeclampsia and medications associated with its treatment are potentially linked to increased childhood cancer risk. Therefore, we examined the association between preeclampsia, antihypertensive medications, and childhood cancer in offspring.

Association between medically diagnosed postnatal infection and childhood cancers: A matched case-control study in Denmark, 1978 to 2016.

Although the association between infection and childhood cancer has been long investigated, there is limited information on rarer cancers. This article aimed to explore the association between postnatal infection and childhood cancers in the Danish population. A matched case-control study was conducted using Danish nationwide registries from 1978 to 2016.

Metabolite Stability in Archived Neonatal Dried Blood Spots Used for Epidemiologic Research.

Epidemiologic studies of low-frequency exposures or outcomes using metabolomics analyses of neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) often require assembly of samples with substantial differences in duration of storage. Independent assessment of stability of metabolites in archived DBS will enable improved design and interpretation of epidemiologic research utilizing DBS. Neonatal DBS routinely collected and stored as part of the California Genetic Disease Screening Program between 1983 and 2011 were used.

Maternal migraine and risk of pediatric cancers.

Background: Maternal migraine has been linked to adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight and preterm birth, as well as congenital anomalies in offspring. It has been speculated that this may be due to the use of medications in pregnancy, but lifestyle, genetic, hormonal, and neurochemical factors could also play a role. There is evidence for varying cancer incidences among adults with migraine.

Danish Population Based Study of Familial Epilepsy and Childhood Cancer.

Objective: Results from studies investigating the association between maternal or child epilepsy, use of anticonvulsants in pregnancy, and childhood cancer are inconsistent and at times contradictory.

Methods: Linking Danish national databases, we obtained epilepsy and childhood cancer diagnoses, and anticonvulsant use data. We estimated adjusted odds ratios of all or specific childhood cancers in relation to maternal or child epilepsy and anticonvulsant therapies using conditional logistic regression.

BIOMARKERS OF MATERNAL SMOKING AND THE RISK OF RETINOBLASTOMA IN OFFSPRING.

Purpose: Previous studies examining the risk of retinoblastoma with maternal smoking were inconclusive, likely due in part to the reliance on self-reported maternal smoking. This study uses biomarkers of tobacco smoking in neonatal dried blood spots to investigate associations between maternal smoking and retinoblastoma in offspring.

Methods: The authors randomly selected 498 retinoblastoma cases and 895 control subjects born between 1983 and 2011 from a population-based case-control study in California.

Maternal anemia and the risk of childhood cancer: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

Background: Childhood cancer may be related to maternal health in pregnancy. Maternal anemia is a common condition in pregnancy, especially in low-income countries, but the association between maternal anemia and childhood cancer has not been widely studied.

Objective: To examine the potential relation between maternal anemia during pregnancy and childhood cancers in a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

Maternal anemia and childhood cancer: a population-based case-control study in Denmark.

Background: Childhood cancer risk is associated with maternal health during pregnancy. Anemia in pregnancy is a common condition, especially in low-income countries, but a possible association between maternal anemia and childhood cancer has not been widely studied.

Methods: We examined the relation in a population-based study in Denmark (N = 6420 cancer cases, 160,485 controls).

Exposure to nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and childhood cancer: A matched case-control study in Denmark, 1996-2016.

Background: Nitrosatable drugs can be synthesized to N-nitroso compounds in human stomach. In a pregnant woman, N-nitroso compounds can be translocated to the fetus through the placenta. Maternal exposure of nitrosatable compounds during pregnancy has been associated with childhood brain tumors and leukemia.

Maternal diabetes and childhood cancer risks in offspring: two population-based studies.

Background: The effect of maternal diabetes on childhood cancer has not been widely studied.

Methods: We examined this in two population-based studies in Denmark (N = 6420 cancer cases, 160,484 controls) and Taiwan (N = 2160 cancer cases, 2,076,877 non-cases) using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression adjusted for birth year, child's sex, maternal age and birth order.

Results: Gestational diabetes in Denmark [odds ratio (OR) = 0.

Prenatal ambient pesticide exposure and childhood retinoblastoma.

Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare tumor of the retina, most commonly found in young children. Due to the rarity of this childhood cancer, few studies have been able to examine prenatal pesticide exposure as a risk factor.

Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood retinoblastoma and prenatal exposure to pesticides through residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications.