Queuosine-tRNA promotes sex-dependent learning and memory formation by maintaining codon-biased translation elongation speed.

Queuosine (Q) is a modified nucleoside at the wobble position of specific tRNAs. In mammals, queuosinylation is facilitated by queuine uptake from the gut microbiota and is introduced into tRNA by the QTRT1-QTRT2 enzyme complex. By establishing a Qtrt1 knockout mouse model, we discovered that the loss of Q-tRNA leads to learning and memory deficits.

Neuron-oligodendrocyte potassium shuttling at nodes of Ranvier protects against inflammatory demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that vulnerable neurons in MS exhibit fatal metabolic exhaustion over time, a phenomenon hypothesized to be caused by chronic hyperexcitability. Axonal Kv7 (outward-rectifying) and oligodendroglial Kir4.

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell specification is regulated by bidirectional neural progenitor-endothelial cell crosstalk.

Neural-derived signals are crucial regulators of CNS vascularization. However, whether the vasculature responds to these signals by means of elongating and branching or in addition by building a feedback response to modulate neurodevelopmental processes remains unknown. In this study, we identified bidirectional crosstalk between the neural and the vascular compartment of the developing CNS required for oligodendrocyte precursor cell specification.

Cell type-specific transcriptomics identifies neddylation as a novel therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the CNS in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. Genome-wide association studies revealed more than 200 risk loci, most of which harbour genes primarily expressed in immune cells. However, whether genetic differences are translated into cell-specific gene expression profiles and to what extent these are altered in patients with multiple sclerosis are still open questions in the field.