Factors Associated With Decision to Use and Dosing of Sugammadex in Children: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Background: Sugammadex was initially approved for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in adults in the United States in 2015. Limited data suggest sugammadex is widely used in pediatric anesthesia practice however the factors influencing use are not known. We explore patient, surgical, and institutional factors associated with the decision to use sugammadex versus neostigmine or no reversal, and the decision to use 2 mg/kg vs 4 mg/kg dosing.

Patterns of use of symptomatic treatments for Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD).

Background: Symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia could temporarily slow symptom worsening and improve the quality of life for both AD dementia patients and their caregivers. A comprehensive evaluation of symptomatic treatment patterns using recent data for newly diagnosed AD dementia has not been performed and compared across different countries.

Methods: The drug name, time to the first therapy, duration, discontinuation or switches were described in newly diagnosed AD dementia patients in two databases (a major U.

Contribution of Comorbid Conditions to the Diagnosis of Insomnia: A Database Study in a Commercially Insured Population.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized as dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality resulting in distress or impairment of social, occupational, or other daily functioning. It is unknown if there are medical conditions that have strong associations with insomnia but are unrecognized in previous literature. In this cross-sectional study based on IBM Marketscan Research Databases, we measured insomnia and 78 medical conditions in patients with 2-year continuous enrollment during 2018-2019.

Corifollitropin Alfa Combined With Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Adolescent Boys With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.

Context: Adolescent males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) have traditionally been treated with exogenous testosterone (T) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to produce virilization; however, those modalities do not result in growth of the testes and may promote premature maturation and terminal differentiation of Sertoli cells prior to their proliferation, which may impact future fertility. Another option is to use gonadotropins in those individuals to induce testicular growth, proliferation and maturation of Sertoli cells, and production of endogenous T with consequent virilization.

Objective: We examined the efficacy and safety of corifollitropin alfa (CFA) combined with hCG for the induction of testicular growth and pubertal development in adolescent boys with HH.

Unintended pregnancy in users of nomegestrol acetate and 17β-oestradiol (NOMAC-E2) compared with levonorgestrel-containing combined oral contraceptives: final results from the PRO-E2 study.

Objective: To assess and compare the risk of unintended pregnancy in NOMAC-E2 users with levonorgestrel-containing COC (COC) users in clinical practice.

Study Design: In this observational study, new users of NOMAC-E2 and COC were recruited in Europe, Australia, and Latin America and followed for up to 2 years. Unintended pregnancy was expressed by the Pearl Index (contraceptive failures per 100 women-years [WY]), crude hazard ratios (HR) and adjusted hazard ratios (HR).

Prospective controlled cohort study on the safety of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate (2.5mg) and 17β-oestradiol (1.5mg) (PRO-E2 study): risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism.

Objective: To assess and compare the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in NOMAC-E2 users with levonorgestrel-containing combined oral contraceptive (COCLNG) users.

Study Design: This large, prospective, observational active surveillance study used a non-inferiority design. New users of NOMAC-E2 and COCLNG were recruited in 12 countries in Australia, Europe, and Latin America.

Association Between an Acute, Drug-Induced Decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Events.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The literature describing the long-term effect of an acute, drug-induced decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular (CV) risk is limited. We aimed to further explore this potential association.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) between 2006 and 2014.

The Burden of Congestion in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Congestion is associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. We characterized congestion in patients hospitalized for HF and examined the association between congestion severity at admission and postdischarge outcomes. Using the OPTIMIZE-HF registry linked to Medicare claims, we analyzed patients ≥65 years old hospitalized for HF from 2003 to 2004.

Pruritus Is Common and Undertreated in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis in the United Kingdom.

Background And Aims: Little is known about the prevalence or treatment of pruritus associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). We analyzed data from patients with PBC recruited from all clinical centers in the United Kingdom (UK) to characterize the prevalence, severity, progression, and treatment of pruritus.

Methods: We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of patients in the UK-PBC cohort to assess trajectories of pruritus.

The Use of 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors to Manage Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and the Risk of All-cause Mortality.

Objective: To compare the risk of mortality among men treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARI) to those treated with alpha-blockers (AB) in community practice settings.

Methods: We employed a retrospective matched cohort study in 4 regions of an integrated healthcare system. Men aged 50 years and older who initiated pharmaceutical treatment for BPH and/or lower urinary tract symptoms between 1992 and 2008 and had at least 3 consecutive prescriptions that were eligible and followed through 2010 (N = 174,895).

5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Mortality in Men Treated for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Objective: To compare the risk of prostate cancer mortality among men treated with 5- alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) with those treated with alpha-adrenergic blockers (ABs) in community practice settings.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective matched cohort (N=174,895) and nested case-control study (N=18,311) were conducted in 4 regions of an integrated health care system. Men 50 years and older who initiated pharmaceutical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2007, and had at least 3 consecutive prescriptions were followed through December 31, 2010.

Association between low muscle mass, functional limitations and hospitalisation in heart failure: NHANES 1999-2004.

Background/objectives: Muscle mass decreases with age, and heart failure (HF) patients may experience greater reductions due to pathophysiological processes associated with this disease. Reduced muscle mass may predispose HF patients to functional limitations and increased morbidity and mortality. This study estimated the associations between HF, low muscle mass (LMM), functional limitations and hospitalisation, as well as the combined effect of HF and LMM on these outcomes in a nationally representative sample.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among men with and without clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a large, cross-sectional, UK epidemiological study.

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the components of metabolic syndrome in men aged ≥50 years with and without clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Subjects And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Men were selected from the CPRD who were aged ≥50 years and still registered as of 31 December 2011.

Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in adult Samoans.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has reached epidemic levels in the Samoan Islands. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2002-2003, dietary patterns were described among American Samoan (n = 723) and Samoan (n = 785) adults (> or =18 y) to identify neo-traditional and modern eating patterns and to relate these patterns to the presence of metabolic syndrome using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The neo-traditional dietary pattern, similar across both polities, was characterized by high intake of local foods, including crab/lobster, coconut products, and taro, and low intake of processed foods, including potato chips and soda.

Does genetic variation in the Delta6-desaturase promoter modify the association between alpha-linolenic acid and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome?

Background: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with protection against components of the metabolic syndrome, but the role of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the metabolic precursor of EPA and DHA, has not been studied. The Delta(6)-desaturase enzyme converts ALA into EPA and DHA, and genetic variation in the Delta(6)-desaturase gene (FADS2) may affect this conversion.

Objectives: We hypothesize that high ALA is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and that genetic variation in FADS2 modifies this association.

Adiponectin and type 2 diabetes in Samoan adults.

Objective: Previous studies have established an association between adiponectin and type 2 diabetes. It is unclear whether adiponectin will be useful among Samoan Islanders, characterized by markedly elevated levels of obesity, in differentiating those at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Cross-sectional, genetic epidemiology study of obesity in American Samoa and Samoa 2002-2003 (n = 1,599).

Comparison of 3 methods for identifying dietary patterns associated with risk of disease.

Reduced rank regression and partial least-squares regression (PLS) are proposed alternatives to principal component analysis (PCA). Using all 3 methods, the authors derived dietary patterns in Costa Rican data collected on 3,574 cases and controls in 1994-2004 and related the resulting patterns to risk of first incident myocardial infarction. Four dietary patterns associated with myocardial infarction were identified.

The relationship between alcohol use, eating habits and weight change in college freshmen.

Purpose: This study aims to improve understanding of how alcohol consumption in college freshmen affects eating patterns before, during, and after drinking, as well as its relation to body weight change.

Methods: Two hundred eighty-two college freshmen (61% female; 59% Caucasian) completed measures of alcohol use, measured body mass index (BMI), and eating and activity habits before, during and following drinking episodes. Students were categorized by drinking status (non-drinker, low-risk, and moderate/high-risk) in order to explore group differences.

Holiday weight management by successful weight losers and normal weight individuals.

This study compared weight control strategies during the winter holidays among successful weight losers (SWL) in the National Weight Control Registry and normal weight individuals (NW) with no history of obesity. SWL (n = 178) had lost a mean of 34.9 kg and had kept > or = 13.

Three-year weight change in successful weight losers who lost weight on a low-carbohydrate diet.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term weight loss and eating and exercise behaviors of successful weight losers who lost weight using a low-carbohydrate diet.

Research Methods And Procedures: This study examined 3-year changes in weight, diet, and physical activity in 891 subjects (96 low-carbohydrate dieters and 795 others) who enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry between 1998 and 2001 and reported >or=30-lb weight loss and >or=1 year weight loss maintenance.

Results: Only 10.

Telithromycin use and spontaneous reports of hepatotoxicity.

Background And Objective: Recent reports have described cases of telithromycin-related hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study is to quantify the effect of telithromycin use on the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Methods: We conducted a spontaneous-report case-control study of hepatotoxicity in telithromycin recipients using reports from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Recovery from relapse among successful weight maintainers.

Background: Little is known about the natural history of weight change among persons who are successful at losing weight.

Objective: This study evaluated the occurrence of weight regain and recovery among 2400 persons in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) who had lost an average (+/- SD) of 32.1 +/- 17.