MicroRNA-Mediated Antiproliferative Effects of M1 Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Melanoma Cells.

Introduction: Research in tumor treatment has shown promising results using extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from immune cells. EVs derived from M1 macrophages (proinflammatory), known as M1-EVs, have properties that suppress tumor growth, making them a promising treatment tool for immune susceptible tumors such as melanoma. Here, small unaltered M1-EVs (M1-sEVs) were employed in a 3D mouse melanoma model (melanospheres) to evaluate such activity.

MicroRNAs as serum biomarker for Senecio brasiliensis poisoning in cattle.

Senecio spp. is one of the most frequent plant-related poisonings in cattle. Its ingestion generates the disease seneciosis, characterized by hepatic damages.

MicroRNAs: Potential biomarkers for reproduction, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic in domestic animals.

MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in a wide range of biological processes through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Most studies evaluated microRNA expression in human, and despite fewer studies in veterinary medicine, this topic is one of the most exciting areas of modern veterinary medicine. miRNAs showed to be part of the pathogenesis of diseases and reproduction physiology in animals, making them biomarkers candidates.

Pro-angiogenic effect of PC-3 exosomes in endothelial cells in vitro.

The progression to a castration-resistant prostate cancer can occur after treatment with androgen deprivation therapy, resulting in poor prognosis and ineffective therapy response. Hormone dependence transition has been associated with increased tumor vascularization. Considering that exosomes are important components in communication between tumor cells and the microenvironment, we examined the angiogenic potential of exosomes released from Pca cell lines with distinctive profiles of androgen response through exosomes isolation, microscopy and uptake, functional assays follow up by microarray, RT-qPCR and bioinformatics analysis.

miR-425-5p as an exosomal biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer-related deaths are mostly caused by metastasis, which indicates the importance of identifying clinical prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we evaluated the expression profile of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3). miRNA signatures in exosomes and cells were evaluated by miRNA microarray analysis.

The antimammary tumor effects of ethanolic extract of propolis from Adamawa region (Cameroon) are by apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

Identification of novel natural treatment to combat cancer is a current need. This study was aimed at assessing the anticancer effects of ethanol-extracted Cameroonian propolis (EEP). The antitumor effect of EPP was evaluated in vitro by measuring; cell viability, cell cycle, cell death mechanism, cell migration/invasion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), caspase activity, and apoptosis-regulating proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) in cell lines.

Abyssinone V-4' Methyl Ether, a Flavanone Isolated from , Exhibits Cytotoxic Effects on Human Breast Cancer Cells by Induction of Apoptosis and Suppression of Invasion.

Abyssinone V-4' methyl ether (AVME) isolated from was recently reported to exhibit anti-mammary tumor effect in mice. The present work was therefore aimed at elucidating its cellular and molecular mechanisms. To achieve our goal, the cytotoxicity of AVME against tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines was evaluated by resazurin reduction test; flow cytometry allowed us to evaluate the cell cycle and mechanisms of cell death; the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and caspase activities as well as apoptosis-regulatory proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) were measured in MDA-MB-231 cells.

MicroRNA profiles in serum samples from Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure patients and miR-25-3p as a potential biomarker for survival prediction.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition characterized by acute decompensation of cirrhosis, associated with organ failure(s), and high short-term mortality. The microRNAs or miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, stable in circulating samples such as biological fluids, and the difference in expression levels may indicate the presence, absence and/or stage of the disease. We analyzed here the miRNA profiling to identify potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for ACLF.

MicroRNA profiles in serum samples from patients with stable cirrhosis and miRNA-21 as a predictor of transplant-free survival.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have remarkable potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers because of their roles in disease pathogenesis. miRNAs can be released into the bloodstream, where they are sufficiently stable to be detected noninvasively. Here, we prospectively evaluated serum levels of miR-21, miR-34a, miR-122, miR-181b, and miR-885-5p in patients with stable cirrhosis.

The hydro-ethanolic extract of Acacia seyal (Mimosaceae) stem barks induced death in an ER-negative breast cancer cell line by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and inhibited cell migration.

Background: Despite the significant developments occurring in the treatment of cancer, it still remains the second deadly disease, responsible for 8.2 million deaths every year. Various natural substances have been studied for active molecules of tumor suppression in the past and the tropical flora, by its diversity, continues to provide new antitumor drugs.

Cytotoxicity mechanisms in melanoma cells and UPLC-QTOF/MS chemical characterization of two Brazilian stingless bee propolis: Uncommon presence of piperidinic alkaloids.

The present study characterized propolis extracts produced by Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Tubuna) and Melipona quadrifasciata (Mandaçaia) by LC-MS/MS; their cytotoxicity as well as the mechanism of action in a melanoma cellular model were also assessed. The chemical characterization performed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS analysis revealed uncommon presence of piperidinic alkaloids in Tubuna's propolis extract together with C-glycopyranoside flavonoids. Mandaçaia's propolis collected in the same area rather presented terpenoids and flavonoids.

Circulating miRNAs in nontumoral liver diseases.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication of liver diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression and have been studied in relation to several conditions, including liver disease. Mature miRNAs can reach the bloodstream by passive release or by incorporation into lipoprotein complexes or microvesicles, and have stable and reproducible concentrations among individuals.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of Ca channel blockers 1,4-dihydropyridines analogues against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis: SAR analysis.

Drugs containing the1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) core have recently attracted attention concerning their antiparasitic effect against various species of Leishmania and Trypanosoma. This approach named drugs repositioning led to interesting results, which have prompted us to prepare 21 DHP's analogues. The 1,4-DHP scaffold was decorated with different function groups at tree points including the nitrogen atom (NH and N-phenyl), the aryl group attached to C-4 (various substituted aryl residues) and the carbon atoms 2 and 6 (bearing Ph or Me groups).

Estrogen-like and tissue-selective effects of 7-methoxycoumarin from Ficus umbellata (Moraceae): an in vitro and in vivo study.

Background: Ficus umbellata is a medicinal plant previously shown to endow estrogenic properties. Its major component was isolated and characterized as 7-methoxycoumarin (MC). Noteworthy, coumarins and the respective active metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin analogs have shown aromatase inhibitory activity, which is of particular interest in the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers.

Estrogenic and cytotoxic potentials of compounds isolated from Millettia macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae): towards a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms.

Background: Millettia macrophylla was previously reported to have estrogenic effects and to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis in Wistar rats. So, the study deals with the identification of its secondary metabolites and the evaluation of their estrogenicity and cytotoxicity toward tumoural cells. Thus, 13 known compounds were obtained from successive chromatographic columns and identified by NMR data compared to those previously reported.

Crateva adansonii DC, an African ethnomedicinal plant, exerts cytotoxicity in vitro and prevents experimental mammary tumorigenesis in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Crateva adansonii DC is a plant traditionally used in Cameroon to treat constipation, asthma, snakebites, postmenopausal complaints and cancers.

Aim: The anticancer potential of the dichloromethane/methanol extract of C. adansonii stem barks was investigated using human breast cancer cell and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anththracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumorigenesis model in rats.

Isothiouronium salts reduce NRAS expression, induce apoptosis and decrease invasion of melanoma cells.

Melanoma is a very aggressive type of skin cancer. Mutation in BRAF and NRAS are often found in patients with this disease. Therefore, in recent years the search for new molecules that inhibit these proteins has been intensified.

Trichomonas vaginalis: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17beta-estradiol alter NTPDase activity and gene expression.

We investigated the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and 17beta-estradiol on NTPDase activity in fresh clinical (VP60) and long-term-grown (30236 ATCC) isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis followed by NTPDase gene transcriptional analysis. ATP hydrolysis was activated in vitro by 17beta-estradiol (0.01-1.

Steroid hormones alter AMP hydrolysis in intact trophozoites of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas vaginalis infection may be influenced by the vaginal concentrations of estrogens. We have investigated the effects of 17beta-estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) on the ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity in fresh clinical (VP60) and in long-term-grown (30236 ATCC) isolates of T. vaginalis.