Rock properties and sediment caliber govern bedrock river morphology across the Taiwan Central Range.

Feedbacks between surface and deep Earth processes in collisional mountain belts depend on how erosion and topographic relief vary in space and time. One outstanding unknown lies in how rock strength influences bedrock river morphology and thus mountain relief. Here, we quantify boulder cover and channel morphology using uncrewed aerial vehicle surveys along 30 kilometers of bedrock-bound river corridors throughout the Taiwan Central Range where regional gradients in rock properties relate to tectonic history.

Mortality after release from incarceration in New Zealand by gender: A national record linkage study.

Background: People who enter and leave places of incarceration experience considerable health inequities and are at increased risk of premature death compared to the general population. Causes of premature death in this population vary markedly between countries and so country-specific information is needed. Additionally, there is a lack of large population-based studies which can disaggregate mortality risk based on person and incarceration factors.

Collegiate Recreation Student Employee as Student Leader.

Collegiate recreation student employment opportunities are found in such areas as facilities, intramurals, aquatics, fitness, and outdoor adventure. Recreation is one of the largest providers of student employment opportunities on campuses across the country with an important role in student employee leadership development.

Good progress for children coupled with recalcitrant inequalities for adults in New Zealand's journey towards Universal Health Coverage over the last decade.

Aims: This article explores how primary health care policy changes in New Zealand over the last decade have impacted on primary care access equity and avoidable hospital admissions.

Methods: The national Ambulatory Sensitive Hospitalisations (ASH) data trends by age, ethnicity and area level deprivation were analysed in relation to the Primary Health Care policy initiatives for the period 2002 to 2014.

Results And Conclusions: Changes in primary care access over the decade have led to improvement in ASH indicators for parts of the population, but not for others.

New Zealand evidence for the impact of primary healthcare investment in Capital and Coast District Health Board.

Aims: This paper provides New Zealand evidence on the effectiveness of primary care investment, measured through the Capital and Coast District Health Board's (DHB) Primary Health Care Framework. The Framework was developed in 2002/2003 to guide funding decisions at a DHB level, and to provide a transparent basis for evaluation of the implementation of the Primary Health Care Strategy in this district.

Methods: The Framework used a mixed method approach; analysis was based on quantitative and qualitative data.

Generation of a conditional CREB Ser133Ala knockin mouse.

Phosphorylation of Ser133 in the transcription factor CREB is an important mechanism for regulating its transcriptional activity, however recent work has suggested significant roles for other regulatory inputs into CREB. To allow study of this in vivo, we have generated a Ser133 to alanine knockin mutation in the mouse CREB locus. As CREB knockout is perinatal lethal, a minigene strategy was used to allow conditional knockin of the Ser133Ala mutation in adult mice using Cre recombinase.

The kinases MSK1 and MSK2 act as negative regulators of Toll-like receptor signaling.

The kinases MSK1 and MSK2 are activated 'downstream' of the p38 and Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Here we found that MSK1 and MSK2 were needed to limit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation of primary macrophages with lipopolysaccharide. By inducing transcription of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase DUSP1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10, MSK1 and MSK2 exerted many negative feedback mechanisms.

Generation and characterization of p38beta (MAPK11) gene-targeted mice.

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated primarily in response to inflammatory cytokines and cellular stress, and inhibitors which target the p38alpha and p38beta MAPKs have shown potential for the treatment of inflammatory disease. Here we report the generation and initial characterization of a knockout of the p38beta (MAPK11) gene. p38beta-/- mice were viable and exhibited no apparent health problems.

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake does not require p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue or skeletal muscle.

It has been proposed that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms sensitive to the pyridinylimidazole compounds SB 203580 and SB 202190 may participate in the acute insulin-dependent activation of glucose transporters recruited to the plasma membrane of adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Here, we explore whether these kinases support the insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in these tissues by investigating the effects of a genetic loss in p38beta and that of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580. Glucose uptake in adipocytes and soleus muscle was stimulated by insulin by up to fourfold irrespective of whether tissues were isolated from wild-type or p38beta-null mice.

p38gamma regulates the localisation of SAP97 in the cytoskeleton by modulating its interaction with GKAP.

Activation of the p38 MAP kinase pathways is crucial for the adaptation of mammalian cells to changes in the osmolarity of the environment. Here we identify SAP97/hDlg, the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila tumour suppressor Dlg, as a physiological substrate for the p38gamma MAP kinase (SAPK3/p38gamma) isoform. SAP97/hDlg is a scaffold protein that forms multiprotein complexes with a variety of proteins and is targeted to the cytoskeleton by its association with the protein guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP).

Knockout of ERK5 causes multiple defects in placental and embryonic development.

Background: ERK5 is a member of the mitogen activated protein kinase family activated by certain mitogenic or stressful stimuli in cells, but whose physiological role is largely unclear.

Results: To help determine the function of ERK5 we have used gene targeting to inactivate this gene in mice. Here we report that ERK5 knockout mice die at approximately E10.

An echovirus type 33 winter outbreak in New Zealand.

Echovirus type 33 (E33) is a relatively uncommon enterovirus. An E33 outbreak during the winter of 2000 in New Zealand led to 75 virologically-confirmed cases of E33 infection (2.6 cases per 100,000 individuals).

Heart failure: ethnic disparities in morbidity and mortality in New Zealand.

Aims: To compare heart failure outcomes for Mäori and non-Mäori New Zealanders.

Methods: Restrospective analysis of New Zealand mortality (1988-97) and hospital admissions (1989-98) due to heart failure for Mäori and non-Mäori, aged 45 years and over.

Results: Mortality from heart failure was more than 8.