Quantitative methods for optimizing patient outcomes in liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation (LT) is a lifesaving yet complex intervention with considerable challenges impacting graft and patient outcomes. Despite best practices, 5-year graft survival is only 70%. Sophisticated quantitative techniques offer potential solutions by assimilating multifaceted data into insights exceeding human cognition.

New Approaches to the Diagnosis of Rejection and Prediction of Tolerance in Liver Transplantation.

Immunosuppression after liver transplantation is essential for preventing allograft rejection. However, long-term drug toxicity and associated complications necessitate investigation of immunosuppression minimization and withdrawal protocols. Development of such protocols is hindered by reliance on current paradigms for monitoring allograft function and rejection status.

Progress and challenges in diagnosis and treatment of rejection following liver transplantation.

Purpose Of Review: Liver biopsy remains the most widely utilized method for diagnosis of allograft rejection following liver transplantation. However, associated risks and limitations present an opportunity for emerging noninvasive diagnostic techniques to improve upon the current standard of care. This review evaluates progress toward development of new noninvasive methods for the monitoring and diagnosing of allograft rejection.

Pacemaker induced superior vena cava syndrome: a case report.

Introduction: Pacemaker induced superior vena cava syndrome is an unusual complication of pacemaker implantation. Endothelial damage caused by repeated trauma from the lead is thought to be responsible for the stenosis. Malignancy has been historically the most common etiology.