Impacts of a prolonged marine heatwave and chronic local human disturbance on juvenile coral assemblages.

Coral reefs are threatened by climate change and chronic local human disturbances. Although some laboratory studies have investigated the effects of combined stressors, such as nutrient enrichment and heat stress, on growth and survival of early life stage corals, in situ studies remain limited. To assess the influence of multiple stressors on juvenile corals, we quantified densities of corals ≤ 5 cm at 18 forereef sites with different exposure levels to underlying chronic local human disturbance before, during, and after the 2015-2016 El Niño.

A beautiful face is good when we're judged by others, a moral character is better.

Moral beauty, reflected in one's actions, and facial beauty both affect how we're judged. Here, we investigated how moral and facial beauty interactively affect social judgments and emotional responses, employing event-related brain potentials. Participants (all female) associated positive, neutral, or negative verbal information with faces scoring high or low on attractiveness and performed ratings of the faces as manipulation checks.

Ocean weather, biological rates, and unexplained global ecological patterns.

As on land, oceans exhibit high temporal and spatial temperature variation. This "ocean weather" contributes to the physiological and ecological processes that ultimately determine the patterns of species distribution and abundance, yet is often unrecognized, especially in tropical oceans. Here, we tested the paradigm of temperature stability in shallow waters (<12.

Patterns of follow-up care in adult blood cancer survivors-Prospective evaluation of health-related outcomes, resource use, and quality of life.

Background: Information about follow-up care in blood cancer survivors is limited. The questionnaire-based "Aftercare in Blood Cancer Survivors" (ABC) study aimed to identify patterns of follow-up care in Germany and compare different types of follow-up institutions.

Methods: The study's 18-month prospective part compared the follow-up institutions identified in the preceding retrospective part (academic oncologists, community oncologists, primary care physicians).

Emotional content reduces the cognitive effort invested in processing the credibility of social (mis)information.

Emotionality likely is a key factor affecting our susceptibility to misinformation. However, the mechanisms underlying this observation are not well understood. Specifically, when people derive social information from person-related news, they rely predominantly on emotional content, apparently unperturbed by the credibility of the source.

Health-Related Complications during Follow-Up and Their Impact on Blood Cancer Survivors: Results from the "Aftercare in Blood Cancer Survivors" (ABC) Study.

Introduction: Blood cancer survivors are at increased risk for medical complications.

Methods: Our questionnaire-based study involved 1,551 blood cancer survivors with a ≥3-year interval since the last intense treatment. Its goal was to quantify health-related complications during follow-up and assess their impact on the patients' lives.

Impairment of vocational activities and financial problems are frequent among German blood cancer survivors.

Little is known about changes in the personal living conditions of long-term blood cancer survivors in Germany. To gather information about social relationships, work life, overall well-being, and religion, we performed a questionnaire-based retrospective study on 1551 survivors who had been on follow-up for ≥ 3 years (median, 9 years). Most survivors reported that marital status and relationships with relatives and friends remained constant before and after blood cancer.

Deepfake smiles matter less-the psychological and neural impact of presumed AI-generated faces.

High-quality AI-generated portraits ("deepfakes") are becoming increasingly prevalent. Understanding the responses they evoke in perceivers is crucial in assessing their societal implications. Here we investigate the impact of the belief that depicted persons are real or deepfakes on psychological and neural measures of human face perception.

Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Foundation Species.

Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems, providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as many ecosystem services. However, climate change poses a significant threat to foundation species and the ecosystems they support. We review the impacts of climate change on common marine foundation species, including corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marsh plants, mangroves, and bivalves.

Marine heatwaves threaten cryptic coral diversity and erode associations among coevolving partners.

Climate change-amplified marine heatwaves can drive extensive mortality in foundation species. However, a paucity of longitudinal genomic datasets has impeded understanding of how these rapid selection events alter cryptic genetic structure. Heatwave impacts may be exacerbated in species that engage in obligate symbioses, where the genetics of multiple coevolving taxa may be affected.

Visualizing Loss of Plasma Membrane Lipid Asymmetry Using Annexin V Staining.

Loss of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry contributes to many cellular functions and responses, including apoptosis, blood coagulation, and cell fusion. In this protocol, we describe the use of fluorescently labeled annexin V to detect loss of lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane of adherent living cells by fluorescence microscopy. The approach provides a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method to detect changes in lipid asymmetry but is limited by low sample throughput.

Visualizing NBD-lipid Uptake in Mammalian Cells by Confocal Microscopy.

Eukaryotic cells use a series of membrane transporters to control the movement of lipids across their plasma membrane. Several tools and techniques have been developed to analyze the activity of these transporters in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Among them, assays based on fluorescence microscopy in combination with fluorescent lipid probes are particularly suitable, allowing visualization of lipid internalization in living cells.

Preventive health care in blood cancer survivors: results from the ABC study.

Background: Blood cancer survivors are at increased risk for second primary malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. Little is known about preventive care in blood cancer survivors.

Methods: Our questionnaire-based study included blood cancer patients diagnosed at the University Hospital of Essen before 2010, with a ≥ 3-year interval from the last intense treatment.

Patient-reported patterns of follow-up care in the 'Aftercare in Blood Cancer Survivors' (ABC) study.

Background: Follow-up care provides long-term support for cancer survivors. Little is known about follow-up care in hematologic malignancies.

Methods: Our questionnaire-based study included blood cancer survivors diagnosed at the University Hospital of Essen before 2010, with a ≥ 3-year interval since the last intense treatment.

Tipping points and interactive effects of chronic human disturbance and acute heat stress on coral diversity.

Multiple anthropogenic stressors co-occur ubiquitously in natural ecosystems. However, multiple stressor studies often produce conflicting results, potentially because the nature and direction of stressor interactions depends upon the strength of the underlying stressors. Here, we first examine how coral α- and β-diversities vary across sites spanning a gradient of chronic local anthropogenic stress before and after a prolonged marine heatwave.

Microclimate predicts kelp forest extinction in the face of direct and indirect marine heatwave effects.

Marine heatwaves threaten the persistence of kelp forests globally. However, the observed responses of kelp forests to these events have been highly variable on local scales. Here, we synthesize distribution data from an environmentally diverse region to examine spatial patterns of canopy kelp persistence through an unprecedented marine heatwave.

Inconsistent Patterns of Microbial Diversity and Composition Between Highly Similar Sequencing Protocols: A Case Study With Reef-Building Corals.

16S rRNA gene profiling (amplicon sequencing) is a popular technique for understanding host-associated and environmental microbial communities. Most protocols for sequencing amplicon libraries follow a standardized pipeline that can differ slightly depending on laboratory facility and user. Given that the same variable region of the 16S gene is targeted, it is generally accepted that sequencing output from differing protocols are comparable and this assumption underlies our ability to identify universal patterns in microbial dynamics through meta-analyses.

CDC50A is required for aminophospholipid transport and cell fusion in mouse C2C12 myoblasts.

Myoblast fusion is essential for the formation of multinucleated muscle fibers and is promoted by transient changes in the plasma membrane lipid distribution. However, little is known about the lipid transporters regulating these dynamic changes. Here, we show that proliferating myoblasts exhibit an aminophospholipid flippase activity that is downregulated during differentiation.

Negative news dominates fast and slow brain responses and social judgments even after source credibility evaluation.

Remedies to counter the impact of misinformation are in high demand, but little is known about the neuro-cognitive consequences of untrustworthy information and how they can be mitigated. In this preregistered study, we investigated the effects of social-emotional headline contents on social judgments and brain responses and whether they can be modulated by explicit evaluations of the trustworthiness of the media source. Participants (N = 30) evaluated -and clearly discerned- the trustworthiness of news sources before they were exposed to person-related news headlines.

Dominance determines fish community biomass in a temperate seagrass ecosystem.

Biodiversity and ecosystem function are often correlated, but there are multiple hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Ecosystem functions such as primary or secondary production may be maximized by species richness, evenness in species abundances, or the presence or dominance of species with certain traits. Here, we combine surveys of natural fish communities (conducted in July and August 2016) with morphological trait data to examine relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function (quantified as fish community biomass) across 14 subtidal eelgrass meadows in the Northeast Pacific (54°N, 130°W).

Effects of climate-change-driven gradual and acute temperature changes on shark and ray species.

Climate change is altering distributions and abundances of marine species through both gradual and acute changes in temperature and productivity. Due to their high mobility and metabolic rates, elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are likely to redistribute across latitudes and depths as they thermoregulate, but little is known about their responses to these climatic changes, which could vary widely across this diverse group of species. Here, we assessed how species with differing mobility and ecology responded to gradual changes in daily sea surface temperature (SST) and acute temperature anomalies, caused by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), at Cocos Island, Costa Rica, the site of multiple marine heatwaves.