Assessing Decision Fatigue in General Practitioners' Prescribing Decisions Using the Australian BEACH Data Set.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) make numerous care decisions throughout their workdays. Extended periods of decision making can result in decision fatigue, a gradual shift toward decisions that are less cognitively effortful. This study examines whether observed patterns in GPs' prescribing decisions are consistent with the decision fatigue phenomenon.

Free-living physical activity and executive function: A multi-study analysis of age groups and times of day.

Background: Executive Function (EF) is a potential mechanism linking physical activity (PA) and mental health. However, evidence regarding the association between free-living PA and EF is limited with mixed results. Across two studies, we examined associations between accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and facets of EF in different age groups (Study 1) and at different times of day (Study 2).

The stability of physicians' risk attitudes across time and domains.

Risk attitude is known to influence physicians' decision-making under uncertainty. Research on the risk attitudes of physicians is therefore important in facilitating a better understanding of physicians' decisions. However, little is known about the stability of physicians' risk attitudes across domains.

Stress in performance-related pay: the effect of payment contracts and social-evaluative threat.

There is some evidence that performance-related pay (PRP) leads to higher levels of stress as it incentivizes employees to work harder for longer. However, PRP in the workplace also typically involves performance monitoring, which may introduce an additional source of stress via social-evaluative threat (SET). The current study examined the effect of PRP on stress while varying the level of performance monitoring/SET.

Classifying the non-metabolic demands of different physical activity types: The Physical Activity Demand (PAD) typology.

Different physical activity types vary in metabolic demand (intensity), but also in non-metabolic physical demand (balance, co-ordination, speed and flexibility), cognitive demand (attention, memory and decision making), and social demand (social interaction). Activity types with different combinations of demands may have different effects on health outcomes but this cannot be formally tested until such demands can be reliably quantified. The present Delphi expert consensus study aimed to objectively quantify the cognitive, physical and social demands of different core physical activity types and use these scores to create a formal Physical Activity Demand (PAD) typology.

User Experiences in a Digital Intervention to Support Total Skin Self-examination by Melanoma Survivors: Nested Qualitative Evaluation Embedded in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Melanoma is a relatively common cancer type with a high survival rate, but survivors risk recurrences or second primaries. Consequently, patients receive regular hospital follow-up, but this can be burdensome to attend and not optimally timed to detect arising problems. Total skin self-examination (TSSE) supports improved clinical outcomes from melanoma via earlier detection of recurrences and second primaries, and digital technology has the potential to support TSSE.

Barriers and facilitators of adherence to the use of ASICA, a digital app designed to support people previously treated for melanoma: concise report of a qualitative study.

We developed the Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) in melanoma app to support monthly total-skin self-examinations (TSSE) by people previously treated for melanoma. A randomized 12-month trial demonstrated ASICA supported optimal monthly TSSE adherence in a third of participants (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03328247).

Habits and Reflective Processes in COVID-19 Transmission-reducing Behaviors: Examining Theoretical Predictions in a Representative Sample of the Population of Scotland.

Background: Based on theory, COVID-19 transmission-reducing behaviors (TRBs) should become habitual because of their frequent performance. Habits have been hypothesized to develop through reflective processes and, to act in conjunction with them.

Purpose: We investigated the existence, development, and consequences of TRB habits, for physical distancing, handwashing, and wearing face coverings.

Postcancer treatment support programme: an evaluation.

Objectives: As the number of people living beyond cancer treatment has increased, supportive post-treatment interventions have become increasingly important. The present study investigates whether participation in the Maggie's 'Where Now?' post-cancer support programme is associated with improvements in healthy eating, quality of life, self-efficacy (confidence) or cancer worry.

Methods: In a pre-post design, 88 people who had completed cancer treatment and were enrolled in the 7-week 'Where Now?' programme at Maggie's centres across the UK rated their diet, activity, quality of life, self-efficacy and cancer worries before and after programme participation.

Salivary cortisol in university students after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic required people to navigate lockdowns and unfamiliar restrictions for the first time. It is known that situations characterised by uncontrollability and novelty heighten the physiological response to stress. The data presented here was collected as part of an experimental stress study and offered an opportunity to compare cortisol levels upon arrival to the lab before and after the first UK lockdown, when students had to navigate novel health and safety restrictions on campus.

The Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare Intervention for Detection of Recurrent and Second Primary Melanoma in Survivors of Melanoma: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Melanoma is common with increasing incidence. Guidelines recommend monthly total skin self-examinations (TSSEs) by survivors to detect recurrent and new primary melanomas. TSSE is underperformed despite evidence of benefit.

Describing, predicting and explaining adherence to total skin self-examination (TSSE) in people with melanoma: a 12-month longitudinal study.

Objectives: To describe trajectories in melanoma survivors' adherence to monthly total skin self-examination (TSSE) over 12 months, and to investigate whether adherence trajectories can be predicted from demographic, cognitive or emotional factors at baseline.

Design: A longitudinal observational study nested within the intervention arm of the ASICA (Achieving Self-Directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare) randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Follow-up secondary care in Aberdeen and Cambridge UK.

Bedtime Routines Intervention for Children (BRIC) project: results from a non-randomised feasibility, proof-of concept study.

Background: Bedtime routines are highly recurrent family activities with implications for children's wellbeing, development and health.

Aims: The objective of this study is to co-develop and test in a feasibility, proof-of-concept study a bedtime routines intervention using text messages aimed at first-time parents with young children.

Methods: Fifty first-time parents with children aged 1-3 years were recruited for this study.

Achieving integrated self-directed Cancer aftercare (ASICA) for melanoma: how a digital intervention to support total skin self-examination was used by people treated for cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Melanoma incidence has quadrupled since 1970 and melanoma is now the second most common cancer in individuals under 50. Targeted immunotherapies for melanoma now potentially enable long-term remission even in advanced melanoma, but these melanoma survivors require ongoing surveillance, with implications for NHS resources and significant social and psychological consequences for patients. Total skin self-examination (TSSE) can detect recurrence earlier and improve clinical outcomes but is underperformed in the UK.

Bedtime Routine Characteristics and Activities in Families with Young Children in the North of England.

Bedtime routines have been shown to have significant associations with health, wellbeing and development outcomes for children and parents. Despite the importance of bedtime routines, most research has been carried out in the United States, with little information on bedtime routine characteristics and activities for families in other countries such as the United Kingdom and England in particular. Additionally, little is known about the possible effects of weekends vs.

Healthy snacks in hospitals: Testing the potential effects of changes in availability.

Background: Hospitals offer snacks for sale to patients, staff and visitors.

Aim: As food choice is heavily influenced by the options available, the present study (a) audited snack availability and purchase in NHS hospital sites across a large UK city; and (b) tested the potential effects of changes to this availability in an online choice experiment.

Methods: In Study 1 (audit), single-serve snacks (=376) available in 76 hospital food retail units were audited.

Defining and measuring bedtime routines in families with young children-A DELPHI process for reaching wider consensus.

Introduction: Bedtime routines are one of the most common family activities. They affect children' wellbeing, development and health. Despite their importance, there is limited evidence and agreement on what constitutes an optimal bedtime routine.

Development of a behaviour change workplace-based intervention to improve nurses' eating and physical activity.

Background: There is a critical need for an intervention to improve nurses' eating and physical activity behaviours. As nurses spend a substantial proportion of their waking hours at work, concerted efforts to deliver such interventions in the workplace is growing. This study formed part of a multiphase programme of research that aimed to systematically develop an evidence-based and theory-informed workplace intervention to promote changes in eating and physical activity among nurses.

Perceived Barriers and Facilitators for Bedtime Routines in Families with Young Children.

Objectives: Bedtime routines are a highly recurrent family activity with important health, social and behavioural implications. This study examined perceived barriers to, and facilitators of, formulating, establishing, and maintaining optimal bedtime routines in families with young children.

Design: Participants completed a semi-structured interview based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

An Interactive Text Message Survey as a Novel Assessment for Bedtime Routines in Public Health Research: Observational Study.

Background: Traditional research approaches, especially questionnaires and paper-based assessments, limit in-depth understanding of the fluid dynamic processes associated with child well-being and development. This includes bedtime routine activities such as toothbrushing and reading a book before bed. The increase in innovative digital technologies alongside greater use and familiarity among the public creates unique opportunities to use these technical developments in research.

The Cyclical Relation Between Chronic Pain, Executive Functioning, Emotional Regulation, and Self-Management.

Objective: To propose a new model outlining a hypothesized cyclical relation between executive functioning, emotional regulation, and chronic pain in adolescence and to highlight the likely importance of such a relation for self-management behavior and pain-related disability.

Methods: A review of the existing literature that critically explores the role of executive functioning in understanding chronic pain experiences and self-management in adolescence in order to develop the Cyclical model Of Pain, Executive function, emotion regulation, and Self-management (COPES).

Results: Growing evidence points towards a potential cyclical relation between chronic pain and impaired executive functioning, which forms the basis of COPES.

Performance pay and low-grade stress: An experimental study.

Background: Although recent economics literature suggests a link between performance-related pay (PRP) and ill health, this finding is contested on the grounds that this link is plagued by endogeneity between the two variables of interest.

Objective: This study investigates the adverse effects of performance-related pay on stress which is an important determinant of physical health.

Methods: Forty subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups: either being paid by performance or being paid a flat fee.

Prompting consumers to make healthier food choices in hospitals: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Hospitals in the UK offer snacks for sale to patients, staff and visitors. Despite the NHS's health promoting role, and tightening of regulations around which foods can be sold in hospitals, many snacks purchased in this setting are unhealthy. The present project tests the effectiveness of theory-based point of purchase prompts (PPPs; a form of cognitive nudge) designed to make it cognitively easier for consumers to compare available products and choose healthier options.