Intensity of statin therapy after ischaemic stroke and long-term outcomes: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Statins are essential for secondary prevention after ischaemic stroke (IS). However, statin intensity recommendations differ, and there is a concern about intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We studied the long-term impacts of initial statin intensity following IS.

Lack of Statin Therapy and Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Statin treatment is effective at preventing adverse vascular events after ischemic stroke (IS). However, many patients fail to use statins after IS. We studied the impact of not using statins after IS on adverse outcomes.

Epstein-barr virus and multiple sclerosis risk in the finnish maternity cohort.

Objective: To determine whether maternal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG antibody levels are associated with risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the offspring.

Methods: We conducted a prospective nested case-control study in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (FMC) with serum samples from >800,000 women collected during pregnancy since 1983. Cases of MS among offspring born between 1983 and 1991 were identified via hospital and prescription registries; 176 cases were matched to up to 3 controls (n = 326) on region and dates of birth, sample collection, and mother's birth.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and risk of MS among women in the Finnish Maternity Cohort.

Objective: To determine whether and to what extent vitamin D deficiency is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) risk.

Methods: We conducted a prospective nested case-control study among women in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (FMC). The FMC had 1.

Vitamin D Status During Pregnancy and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Offspring of Women in the Finnish Maternity Cohort.

Importance: Vitamin D has been associated with a decreased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adulthood; however, some, but not all, previous studies have suggested that in utero vitamin D exposure may be a risk factor for MS later in life.

Objective: To examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in early pregnancy are associated with risk of MS in offspring.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, nested case-control study in the Finnish Maternity Cohort conducted in May 2011.

Vitamin D3 administration to MS patients leads to increased serum levels of latency activated peptide (LAP) of TGF-beta.

Background: Deficiency of vitamin D is an environmental risk factor for MS. Vitamin D has immunomodulatory effects, including promotion of T-cell differentiation into T-regulatory cells, which produces regulatory cytokines including TGF-β. Increasing serum vitamin D levels have been associated with decreased disease activity in MS patients, but there are only few studies concerning the immunological effects of vitamin D supplementation in MS.

A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon β-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: To study the safety and efficacy of vitamin D3 as an add on therapy to interferon β-1b (IFNB) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: 1 year, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised study in 66 MS patients. The primary outcomes were T2 burden of disease (BOD) on MRI scans, proportion of patients with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≥85 nmol/l or intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) ≤20 ng/l, and number of adverse events.