Prospective randomized evaluation of the sustained impact of assistive artificial intelligence on anesthetists' ultrasound scanning for regional anesthesia.

Objectives: Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) relies on acquiring and interpreting an appropriate view of sonoanatomy. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to aid this by applying a color overlay to key sonoanatomical structures.The primary aim was to determine whether an AI-generated color overlay was associated with a difference in participants' ability to identify an appropriate block view over a 2-month period after a standardized teaching session (as judged by a blinded assessor).

INTERGROWTH-21st Project international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age: an international prospective population-based study.

Objectives: To describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) standards for child development at 2 years by reporting the cognitive, language, motor and behaviour outcomes in optimally healthy and nourished children in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.

Design: Population-based cohort study, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.

Setting: Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK.

Hierarchical Class Incremental Learning of Anatomical Structures in Fetal Echocardiography Videos.

This paper proposes an ultrasound video interpretation algorithm that enables novel classes or instances to be added over time, without significantly compromising prediction abilities on prior representations. The motivating application is diagnostic fetal echocardiography analysis. Currently in clinical practice, recording full diagnostic fetal echocardiography is not common.

Deep clinical and biological phenotyping of the preterm birth and small for gestational age syndromes: The INTERBIO-21 Newborn Case-Control Study protocol.

INTERBIO-21 is Phase II of the INTERGROWTH-21 Project, the population-based, research initiative involving nearly 70,000 mothers and babies worldwide coordinated by Oxford University and performed by a multidisciplinary network of more than 400 healthcare professionals and scientists from 35 institutions in 21 countries worldwide. Phase I, conducted 2008-2015, consisted of nine complementary studies designed to describe optimal human growth and neurodevelopment, based conceptually on the WHO prescriptive approach. The studies generated a set of international standards for monitoring growth and neurodevelopment, which complement the existing WHO Child Growth Standards.

The INTERGROWTH-21 fetal growth standards: toward the global integration of pregnancy and pediatric care.

The purpose of the INTERGROWTH-21 project was to develop international, prescriptive standards for fetal growth assessed by ultrasound and fundal height, preterm postnatal growth, newborn size and body composition, maternal weight gain, and infant development at the age of 2 years. Hence, we have produced, based on World Health Organization recommendations, the first comprehensive set of international standards of optimal fetal and newborn growth that perfectly match the existing World Health Organization child growth standards. Uniquely, the same population was followed up longitudinally from 9 weeks of fetal life to 2 years of age, with growth, health, and nutritional status assessment at 2 years supporting the appropriateness of the population for construction of growth standards.

The satisfactory growth and development at 2 years of age of the INTERGROWTH-21 Fetal Growth Standards cohort support its appropriateness for constructing international standards.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends that human growth should be monitored with the use of international standards. However, in obstetric practice, we continue to monitor fetal growth using numerous local charts or equations that are based on different populations for each body structure. Consistent with World Health Organization recommendations, the INTERGROWTH-21 Project has produced the first set of international standards to date pregnancies; to monitor fetal growth, estimated fetal weight, Doppler measures, and brain structures; to measure uterine growth, maternal nutrition, newborn infant size, and body composition; and to assess the postnatal growth of preterm babies.

International standards for symphysis-fundal height based on serial measurements from the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project: prospective cohort study in eight countries.

Objective:  To create international symphysis-fundal height standards derived from pregnancies of healthy women with good maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Design:  Prospective longitudinal observational study.

Setting:  Eight geographically diverse urban regions in Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, United Kingdom, and United States.

Postnatal growth standards for preterm infants: the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project.

Background: Charts of size at birth are used to assess the postnatal growth of preterm babies on the assumption that extrauterine growth should mimic that in the uterus.

Methods: The INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project assessed fetal, newborn, and postnatal growth in eight geographically defined populations, in which maternal health care and nutritional needs were met. From these populations, the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study selected low-risk women starting antenatal care before 14 weeks' gestation and monitored fetal growth by ultrasonography.

Anthropometric Characterization of Impaired Fetal Growth: Risk Factors for and Prognosis of Newborns With Stunting or Wasting.

Importance: Stunting (short length for age) and wasting (low body mass index [BMI] for age) are widely used to assess child nutrition. In contrast, newborns tend to be assessed solely based on their weight.

Objective: To use recent international standards for newborn size by gestational age to assess how stunted and wasted newborns differ in terms of risk factors and prognoses.

The distribution of clinical phenotypes of preterm birth syndrome: implications for prevention.

Importance: Preterm birth has been difficult to study and prevent because of its complex syndromic nature.

Objective: To identify phenotypes of preterm delivery syndrome in the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A population-based, multiethnic, cross-sectional study conducted at 8 geographically demarcated sites in Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The likeness of fetal growth and newborn size across non-isolated populations in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study and Newborn Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Large differences exist in size at birth and in rates of impaired fetal growth worldwide. The relative effects of nutrition, disease, the environment, and genetics on these differences are often debated. In clinical practice, various references are often used to assess fetal growth and newborn size across populations and ethnic origins, whereas international standards for assessing growth in infants and children have been established.