Bovine trichomoniasis: A hidden threat to reproductive efficiency.

Bovine trichomoniasis is a reproductive illness that affects cattle causing pyometra, early to mid-pregnancy miscarriages, and lower birth rates. is a flagellated protozoan which first discovered in France in 1888 and composts three phases during its lifecycle including trophozoite, cyst, and pseudocyst. In addition, several factors contributed to the prevalence of trichomoniasis and fall into three categories are management, cow, and bull-related factors.

Translation and cross-cultural adaption of an instrument measuring patient's well-being under treatment for schizophrenia.

Objectives: The Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic (SWN) Scale is a self-rating scale measuring the well-being of patients with schizophrenia under antipsychotic drug treatment. The instrument has been globally used, with issues regarding the well-being assessment scale across different cultures, patient characteristics, and country-setting remains a controversy. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SWN scale into the Indonesian version (Indonesian Modified SWN or IM-SWN) and evaluate its validity and reliability.

The prescription patterns of second-generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia outpatient setting.

Background Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder that requires long-term treatment to achieve symptom remission and quality of life improvement. Antipsychotic medications are primary treatments for schizophrenia patients. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have been recognized as first-line drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia.