Long-Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors Affecting Survival after Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Solid Tumors of Childhood: A Single Center Experience.

Introduction: This study assessed the long-term survival and the prognostic variables affecting survival following pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) secondary to childhood solid tumors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was done on 22 children who underwent PM for solid tumors between January 2007 and February 2020. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) at the end of the study period were noted.

Laparoscopic Cystogastrostomy in Children with Pancreatic Pseudocysts: A Preliminary Experience of Eight Cases.

Introduction: Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPCs) and walled-off necrosis (WON) in children following acute pancreatitis are uncommon. The various modalities of therapy possible are conservative treatment, external drainage, endoscopic stenting, and internal surgical drainage procedures. There are no existing guidelines for the management of PPC in children.

Efficacy of Core Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Extracranial Solid Malignancies: A 10-Year Study.

Introduction: Core needle biopsies of solid masses in children are a minimally invasive technique. It guides to a definitive diagnosis and facilitates management.

Aims And Objectives: To determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of core needle biopsies in diagnosing pediatric solid masses.

An approach to giant neonatal hydrocolpos with normally sited anus - Diagnosis and management including a novel one stage operation.

Introduction: Giant non cloacal neonatal hydrocolpos is a rare entity where early recognition of the underlying cause and drainage of the distended vagina is paramount. Conventionally, immediate management has been by abdominal tube vaginostomy or, in urogenital sinus by vaginal clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC). Though effective in providing temporary relief, the abdominal tube vaginostomy is replete with complications, making it imperative to search for alternatives.

Assessment of Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes of Operated Cases of Hirschsprung Disease in a Developing Country.

Purpose: Children treated for Hirschsprung disease (HD) are adversely affected by fecal incontinence and soiling. This can be detrimental to their physical, psychosocial quality of life (QoL) and impacts the normal functioning of their family. QoL studies in HD are predominantly from developed countries.

Working classification and the quest for an effective, reconstructive management strategy in Y duplication of male urethra.

Introduction: Y-duplication is a rare subtype of urethral duplication whose surgical correction has traditionally yielded less than satisfactory results. Herein we report 18 patients, 17 of whom have completed successful urethral reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was done on 18 children who have undergone repair of Y-duplication urethra in two tertiary care institutes from 2013 to 2020.

Unusual variant of pseudo prune belly syndrome.

Unilateral pseudo prune belly syndrome (PPBS) is a rare variant with only two other cases found in the main literature until. We present a 9-month old boy with left-sided lax abdominal wall, undescended testes and major vesicoureteric reflux involving only the left side. He underwent left orchidopexy and left end ureterostomy followed by left nephrectomy.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children: Clinicopathological Profile and Outcomes of Management.

Background: We aim to analyze the clinicopathological profile and outcomes of management for children with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: Relevant clinical data of children ≤ 18 years of age managed for PTC between January 2006 and July 2018 as well as details of their follow-up till December 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results: There were 82 children with PTC that were managed during the study period.

Management and outcome in dehisced exstrophy with a simplified bladder re-closure and further reconstruction.

Introduction: The traditionally accepted method of bladder re closure in dehisced exstrophy involves osteotomy assisted pubic bone approximation (PBA). Continent voluntary voiding is achieved in a small proportion of children sometimes after many operative procedures. We propose a simple yet reliable method of repair of the dehisced bladder using Rectus abdominis muscle flap (RAM) instead of PBA to bridge the inter-pubic gap, followed by concomitant or subsequent bladder augmentation (BA).

Urethro vaginal injuries associated with pelvic fracture - A spectrum of clinical presentation and management.

Background: Blunt trauma to the paediatric pelvis is associated with urethral rupture, sometimes even without a bony fracture. While such rupture of the male urethra has received considerable mention, female urethral injury is both less common and has received less attention.

Objective: We describe 4 cases of urethro vaginal injury associated with pelvic fracture, its varied presentations and the modalities employed in its management.

Testicular Volume in a Cohort of Prepubertal Indian Children.

Context: There are orchidometer-based testicular volume nomograms for Indian children; however, accurate and reliable values measured by ultrasound are lacking.

Aims: The aim of this study was to (1) measure the testicular volumes of boys from birth to 8 years and generate reference values and (2) to identify factors if any that may influence variation in testicular volumes.

Settings And Design: This was a prospective observational study conducted on 320 children in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Encouraging Results of Bowel and Bladder Management in Spina Bifida Aperta in South India with Quality of Life Scores in a Tertiary Care Institution in South India.

Context: It is often a challenge to counsel parents with children operated for spina bifida aperta in developing countries. Data regarding the efficacy of simple measures and preventive are scarce.

Aims: The aim of this study is to study such children for the incidence, prevalence of bowel bladder dysfunction, and the quality of life (QOL) in children who are involved with a multidisciplinary team in India.

An unusual presentation of gall bladder papillomatosis in association with metachromatic leukodystrophy.

A 5-year-old boy with metachromatic leukodystrophy, debilitated by spastic quadriparesis presented to us with massive ascites and respiratory distress. A subtotal cholecystectomy was performed on him from another centre for a gall bladder mass a year before he came to us. Imaging revealed a polypoidal frond-like mass arising from the gall bladder fossa which was supplied by a hypertrophied branch of the right hepatic artery.

Clinical outcomes of children with Wilms tumor treated on a SIOP WT 2001 protocol in a tertiary care hospital in south India.

Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. While developed countries have had excellent survival, it remains poorer by comparison in developing countries. The aim was to analyze the clinical outcome of children with Wilms tumor managed in a developing country from 2004 to 2014 by the SIOP WT 2001 protocol.

Use of Pretherapy Core Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Renal Tumors.

Background: Pretreatment core biopsy of pediatric renal tumors has been advocated by United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group to circumvent the disadvantage of International Society of Paediatric Oncology protocol, where neoadjuvant chemotherapy initiated without histopathological confirmation can result in over- or under-treatment.

Aim: This study aims (a) to assess if pretherapy core biopsy correlates with the nephrectomy biopsy; (b) to assess if neoadjuvant chemotherapy changes Wilms tumor (WT) histology, and (c) to assess the incidence of biopsy site recurrence.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six children from 2005 to 2016 with renal tumors who underwent a pretherapy core biopsy were included in the study.

Multiloculated Cystic Renal Tumors of Childhood: Has the Final Word Been Spoken.

Background: Multicystic renal tumors which include cystic nephroma, cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) and cystic Wilms tumor has been a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Histopathological examination has been the only reliable differentiating method. Management of these tumors is still riddled with controversy as a definitive preoperative differentiation between the three has not been possible.

Recurrent and metastatic congenital mesoblastic nephroma: where does the evidence stand?

Purpose: Fifty years ago, Bolande described Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma (CMN) as a benign lesion. Unexpected aggressive clinical behaviors prompted a sub-classification based on histology. Recent molecular genetic evidence has identified the aggressive cellular variant to be the renal manifestation of congenital infantile fibrosarcoma.

Clinical profile and management options of children with congenital esophageal stenosis: A single center experience.

Aim: The aim of the study is to review 7 patients with congenital esophageal stenosis treated in our institution from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 7 patients treated in Christian Medical College, Vellore from 2008 to 2014. The data were analyzed with regards to age at onset of symptoms, investigative findings, age at definitive treatment, pathology, modalities of treatment, and outcomes.

Pneumonostomy in the Surgical Management of Hydatid Cyst of the Lung.

 Pneumonostomy in the surgical treatment of bilateral hydatid cyst of the lung(HCL) was described by Anand et al. This study presents the comparative long-term results of pneumonostomy for simple and complicated HCL.  The pneumonostomy technique was applied to both open and minimally invasive operations.

Idiopathic female pseudohermaphroditism with urethral duplication and female hypospadias.

Female hypospadias is a rare anomaly of the female urethra where it opens on the anterior vaginal wall anywhere between the introitus and the fornix. It is often associated with other genitourinary anomalies such as Cloacal malformation, female pseudohermaphroditism, nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder and urethral duplication. Idiopathic female pseudohermaphroditism is extremely rare, and most cases occur secondary to adrenogenital syndrome or maternal androgen exposure.

A rare case of bilateral cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma recurring as bilateral cystic Wilms tumour.

Childhood cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) is an uncommon renal neoplasm. Bilateral CPDN or CPDN co-existing with a cystic nephroma/Wilms tumour is extremely rare. Treatment of CPDN is by complete surgical excision.

A rare case of bilateral cystic nephroma associated with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the penile urethra.

Bilateral cystic nephroma is an extremely rare benign renal neoplasm. Here we present a case of bilateral cystic nephroma in a four month old boy who subsequently developed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urethra. Both tumors were successfully treated.

Use of congenital pouch colon for augmenting the neurogenic bladder in a child: a 13-year follow-up.

Congenital pouch colon is an anomaly always associated with anorectal malformation, where the colon is replaced by or terminates into a large aperistaltic intestinal pouch. Vertebral anomalies leading to neurogenic bladder are rare associated malformations. The pouch is aperistaltic and thus a poor rectal substitute but this very property makes it ideal for bladder augmentation.