Transcriptome profiling reveals novel insights into the regulation of calcium ion and detoxification genes driving chlorantraniliprole resistance in .

Since the commercialization of diamide insecticides, including chlorantraniliprole, in 2007, the overuse of diamide insecticides for over a decade has resulted in excessive chlorantraniliprole resistance in , causing continuous economic losses. While RyR target-site mutations and detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 have been studied as the leading causes of resistance, previous studies, including functional research and synergistic tests, have not confirmed a clear correlation between these factors and the development of resistance. Thus, transcriptome analysis was employed to investigate alternative strategies beyond mutation(s) in RyR or metabolic factors involving detoxification pathways that allow diamide-resistance to counteract the calcium ion imbalances induced by chlorantraniliprole effectively.

Leveraging Xenobiotic-Responsive Cancer Stemness in Cell Line-Based Tumoroids for Evaluating Chemoresistance: A Proof-of-Concept Study on Environmental Susceptibility.

Emerging evidence suggests that cancer stemness plays a crucial role in tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Upon exposure to internal or external stress, ribosomes stand sentinel and facilitate diverse biological processes, including oncological responses. In the present study, ribosome-inactivating stress (RIS) was evaluated for its modulation of cancer cell stemness as a pivotal factor of tumor cell reprogramming.

RNAseq-Based Carboxylesterase Gene Expression Plasticity Identification and Its Potential Involvement in Fenobucarb Resistance in the Brown Planthopper .

Carbamate insecticides have been used for over four decades to control brown planthopper, , but resistance has been reported in many countries, including the Republic of Korea. The bioassay results on resistance to fenobucarb showed that the LC values were 3.08 for the susceptible strain, 10.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and comparative genomics shed light on Helicoverpa assulta ecology and pest management.

Background: The Oriental tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta, a specialist herbivorous insect that exclusively feeds on plants of the Solanaceae family, causes considerable damage to crops, such as tobacco and hot pepper. The absence of a genome sequence for this species hinders further research on its pest management and ecological adaptation.

Results: Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome of a Korean strain of H.

Genome-Wide Exploration of Long Non-Coding RNAs of in Response to Pyrethroid Insecticide Resistance.

Genome-wide long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in low, moderate, and high pyrethroid insecticide-resistant and -susceptible strains of were identified in this study. Using 45 illumina-based RNA-sequencing datasets, 8394 lncRNAs were identified. In addition, a sublethal dose of deltamethrin was administered to a Korean-resistant strain (Kor-T).

Gut ribotoxic stress responses facilitate dyslipidemia via metabolic reprogramming: an environmental health prediction.

The gut and its accessory organ, the liver, are crucial determinants of metabolic homeostasis via the regulation of circulating lipids for cardiovascular health. In response to environmental insults, cells undergo diverse adaptation or pathophysiological processes via stress-responsive eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) kinase signaling and subsequent cellular reprogramming. We noted that patients with inflammatory gut distress display enhanced levels of ribosomal stress-responsive eIF2α kinase, which is notably associated with lipid metabolic process genes.

Exaptation of I4760M mutation in ryanodine receptor of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Lessons from museum and field samples.

Since 2007, diamide insecticides have been widely used in Korea to control various types of lepidopteran pests including Spodoptera exigua. For nearly a decade, diamide resistance in field populations of S. exigua across 18 localities has been monitored using bioassays.

Stress-responsive Gdf15 counteracts renointestinal toxicity via autophagic and microbiota reprogramming.

The integrated stress response (ISR) plays a pivotal role in the cellular stress response, primarily through global translational arrest and the upregulation of cellular adaptation-linked molecules. Growth differentiation factor 15 (Gdf15) is a potent stress-responsive biomarker of clinical inflammatory and metabolic distress in various types of diseases. Herein, we assess whether ISR-driven cellular stress contributes to pathophysiological outcomes by modulating Gdf15.

(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Life Table Comparisons and Gut Microbiome Analysis Reared on Corn Varieties.

The fall armyworm (, FAW) is an invasive migratory pest that has recently spread to Korea, damaging several corn cultivars with significant economic value. Comparisons of the growth stages of FAW were conducted based on the preferred feed. Therefore, we selected six maize cultivars, including three categories: (i) commercial waxy corn (mibaek 2-ho, heukjeom 2-ho, dreamoak); (ii) popcorn (oryun popcorn, oryun 2-ho); and (iii) processing corn (miheukchal).

Genetic Diversity of Dengue Vector Collected from South Korea, Japan, and Laos.

is native to Southeast Asia and has emerged as a major vector for vector-borne diseases that are spreading rapidly worldwide. Recent studies have shown that populations have different genetic groups dependent on their thermal adaptations; however, studies on Korean populations are limited. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of two mitochondrial genes ( and ) and sixteen microsatellites in mosquitoes inhabiting Korea, Japan, and Laos.

Development of Molecular-Based Species Identification and Optimization of Reaction Conditions for Molecular Diagnosis of Three Major Asian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Asian planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) that include brown planthoppers (BPH, , Stål), white-backed planthoppers (WBPH, , Horváth), and small brown planthoppers (SBPH, , Fallén) are the primary sucking-type pests of rice. These three insects share morphological and sequence similarities. As insecticide resistance patterns and control strategies vary according to species, the accurate discrimination of these species is important.

Complex multiple introductions drive fall armyworm invasions into Asia and Australia.

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is thought to have undergone a rapid 'west-to-east' spread since 2016 when it was first identified in western Africa. Between 2018 and 2020, it was recorded from South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), East Asia (EA), and Pacific/Australia (PA). Population genomic analyses enabled the understanding of pathways, population sources, and gene flow in this notorious agricultural pest species.

Xenobiotic-induced ribosomal stress compromises dysbiotic gut barrier aging: A one health perspective.

Upon exposure to internal or environmental insults, ribosomes stand sentinel. In particular, stress-driven dysregulation of ribosomal homeostasis is a potent trigger of adverse outcomes in mammalians. The present study assessed whether the ribosomal insult affects the aging process via the regulation of sentinel organs such as the gut.

Critical control point-based assessment and intervention of ochratoxin A risk in Angelicae Gigantis Radix production.

Improperly practiced postharvest procedures can pose mycotoxin-related risks during medicinal herb production. As a health food material with pharmacological activities, Angelicae Gigantis Radix (AGR) has been extensively used in oriental medicine or functional foods. Compared with the official protocol, conventional practices were investigated for provisional critical control points (CCPs) in terms of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination.

Development of Multiplex PCR-based Protocols for Simultaneous Caterpillar Diagnosis of Three Spodoptera and One Mamestra Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Since many noctuid moth species are highly destructive crop pests, it is essential to establish proper management strategies, which primarily require accurate and rapid species identification. However, diagnosis of noctuid species in the field, particularly at the larval stage, is very difficult due to their morphological similarity and individual color variation. In particular, caterpillars of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), and Mamestra brassicae (L.

Antibiotic Exposure Aggravates -Linked Uremic Toxicity in the Gut-Kidney Axis.

Epidemiological and experimental evidence has implicated a potent link between antibiotic exposure and susceptibility to various diseases. Clinically, antibiotic treatment during platinum chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis in patients with malignancy. In the present study, mucosal antibiotic exposure was assessed for its impact on renal distress as a sequela of platinum-based chemotherapy.

Insecticide resistance in pepper greenhouse populations of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Korea.

The cotton aphid or melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a polyphagous insect pest with a wide host range. Two distinct genetic clusters were found in A. gossypii populations in Korea.

Development of a LAMP-Based Molecular Species Diagnosis Method for Four Major Agricultural Pests in the Genus (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Molecular-based species identification tools are helpful to identify tiny insect and lepidopteran pests that show morphological similarities in the larval stage and are essential for quarantine as well as agricultural research. Here, we focused on four major pests: , , , and . and mitochondrial genome sequences were newly identified and species-specific sequence regions were identified in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II and III regions.

Species Composition, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Perilla Seed Bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) in Weeds and Perilla Fields in Korea.

Perilla seed bugs (Nysius sp.) are considered to be the emerging pests causing nutritional and yield losses in perilla and cereal crops. A survey of perilla seed bugs on weeds and perilla crops was conducted over the course of 2 yr in Korea to determine the species composition, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of perilla seed bugs.

Mucosal ribosomal stress-induced PRDM1 promotes chemoresistance via stemness regulation.

The majorities of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are sporadic in origin and a large proportion of etiologies are associated with environmental stress responses. In response to external and internal stress, the ribosome stands sentinel and stress-driven ribosomal dysfunction triggers the cellular decision pathways via transcriptional reprogramming. In the present study, PR domain zinc finger protein (PRDM) 1, a master transcriptional regulator, was found to be closely associated with ribosomal actions in patients with CRC and the murine models.

Probiotic Ameliorates Antibiotic-Associated Anxiety Responses in Mice.

Despite the beneficial actions of antibiotics against bacterial infections, the use of antibiotics is a crucial etiological factor influencing microbial dysbiosis-associated adverse outcomes in human health. Based on the assumption that gut microbial dysbiosis can provoke behavioral or psychological disorders, the present study evaluated anxiety-linked behavioral changes in a mouse model of streptomycin-induced dysbiosis. Measuring anxiety-like behavior using the light-dark box and elevated plus maze tests indicated that streptomycin treatment caused acute anxiety in mice.

Development of a simple and accurate molecular tool for Spodoptera frugiperda species identification using LAMP.

Background: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is a native species of the Americas. First detected in western and central Africa in early 2016, it has become one of the most serious invasive lepidopteran pests in many African and Asian countries. S.

Development of a Species Diagnostic Molecular Tool for an Invasive Pest, Using LAMP.

The (Duponchel) is one of the well-known invasive noctuid pests in Africa, Australia, and many Asian countries. However, it is difficult to identify the invasive and morphologically similar species, , which occur at the cornfield in the larvae stage. Currently, the molecular biology method for diagnosing species is only using the mtCO1 universal primer (LCO1490, HCO2198), which requires a lot of time and effort, such as DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing.