Background: changes may occur in tumor phenotype and receptor status during the progression of breast cancer. Discordance between primary and metastases has implications for further treatment and prognosis.
Methods: 185 patients confirmed breast cancer metastasis were retrospectively analyzed during 1999-2019.
Background: Though microvascular clamps are widely used for anastomosis training, there still have several shortcomings, including the bulging, expensiveness and unavailability due to sterilization. The aim of this study is to introduce a simple and novel microvascular training model without use of microvascular clamps.
Methods: Femoral vessels of Sprague Dawley rats training model were used to evaluate the usefulness of 4-0 silk as a slipknot for performing arterio-arterial and veno-venous microvascular anastomoses.