Solanum torvum induces ferroptosis to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Solanum torvum Sw. (ST) is used to clear heat toxins, promote blood circulation, and alleviate blood stasis. Therefore, this plant has traditionally been used as an ethnomedicine for common cold, chronic gastritis, and tumors.

Cf-02, a novel benzamide-linked small molecule, blunts NF-κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and improves acute onset of accelerated and severe lupus nephritis in mice.

In the present study, acute onset of severe lupus nephritis was successfully treated in mice using a new, benzamide-linked, small molecule that targets immune modulation and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Specifically, 6-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine-2,4(3H)-dione (Cf-02) (a) reduced serum levels of IgG anti-dsDNA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, (b) inhibited activation of dendritic cells and differentially regulated T cell functions, and (c) suppressed the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis, targeting priming and activating signals of the inflammasome. Moreover, treatment with Cf-02 significantly inhibited secretion of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, but this effect was abolished by autophagy induction.