Dynamic changes in macrophage polarization during the resolution phase of periodontal disease.

Aim: Polarization of macrophages (Mφ) is a well-controlled axis with considerable consequences in both the pro-inflammatory and resolution phases of inflammation. We aimed to determine if periodontal therapy may instigate M1 to M2 Mφ polarization favoring resolution of inflammation within periodontal tissues.

Methods: Gingival biopsies were excised from subjects diagnosed with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis before and 4-6 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Dynamic Changes in Macrophage Polarization during the Resolution Phase of Periodontal Disease.

Periodontal inflammation is largely governed by infiltration of myeloid cells, in particular macrophages. Polarization of Mφ within the gingival tissues is a well-controlled axis and has considerable consequences for how Mφ participate in inflammatory and resolution (tissue repair) phases. We hypothesize that periodontal therapy may instigate a pro-resolution environment favoring M2 Mφ polarization and contribute towards resolution of inflammation post-therapy.

Downregulation of miRNA-26 in chronic periodontitis interferes with innate immune responses and cell migration by targeting phospholipase C beta 1.

Aim: To evaluate the potential role of miR-26 family members in periodontal pathogenesis by assessing innate immune responses to periopathic bacteria and regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

Materials And Methods: Expression of miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p was quantified in gingival biopsies derived from healthy and periodontally diseased subjects before and after non-surgical (scaling and root planing) therapy by RT-qPCR. Global pathway analysis and luciferase assays were performed for target identification and validation.

Evidence-Based Clinical Outcomes of Immediate and Early Loading of Short Endosseous Dental Implants: A Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Short dental implants serve as a valuable alternative for patients with limited bone height. Immediate or early provisionalization facilitates a more physiologic environment for the gingival tissues to be modeled. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review and evaluate the implant survival and marginal bone loss with immediate and early loading protocols of short dental implants (≤ 6 mm).

MicroRNA: Dynamic Regulators of Macrophage Polarization and Plasticity.

The ability of a healthy immune system to clear the plethora of antigens it encounters incessantly relies on the enormous plasticity displayed by the comprising cell types. Macrophages (MΦs) are crucial member of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) that constantly patrol the peripheral tissues and are actively recruited to the sites of injury and infection. In tissues, infiltrating monocytes replenish MΦ.

microRNAs: Emerging players in oral cancers and inflammatory disorders.

Association of oral diseases and disorders with altered microRNA profiles is firmly recognized. These evidences support the potential use of microRNAs as therapeutic tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we highlight the association of altered microRNA signatures in oral cancers and oral inflammatory diseases.

MiRNA-Target Interaction Reveals Cell-Specific Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Cell Lines.

MicroRNAs are 18-22 nucleotides long, non-coding RNAs that bind transcripts with complementary sequences leading to either mRNA degradation or translational suppression. However, the inherent differences in preferred mode of miRNA regulation among cells of different origin have not been examined. In our previous transcriptome profiling studies, we observed that post-transcriptional regulation can differ substantially depending on the cell in context.

Comparison of clinical periodontal status among habitual smokeless-tobacco users and cigarette smokers.

Aim: Investigating the comparative effect of cigarette smoking and smokeless-tobacco use on periodontal health.

Background: There is a dearth of studies comparing the effects of smoking and smokeless tobacco on periodontal health. Smokeless tobacco is emerging as a major public health hazard, but is often neglected as a risk factor by many clinicians.

The effect of nutrition on periodontal disease: a systematic review.

The link between nutrients and periodontal disease has not been clearly established. A PubMed and Cochrane database literature search was conducted. The published research reveals only a possible relationship between vitamins and minerals and periodontal disease.