Radiographic and neurological outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for lower cranial nerve schwannomas: a single-institution experience.

Objective: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is widely used for treating small- to medium-sized or postoperative residual, recurrent lower cranial nerve schwannomas (LCNSs). This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic and neurological outcomes of GKRS for LCNS.

Methods: A total of 60 patients with 47 jugular foramen schwannomas (JFSs) and 13 hypoglossal nerve schwannomas (HNSs) who underwent GKRS were included.

Delay characteristics of quasi-nonvolatile memory devices operating in positive feedback mechanism.

This study examines the memory and read delay characteristics of quasi-nonvolatile memory (QNVM) devices operating in a positive feedback mechanism through technology computer-aided design simulation. The QNVM devices exhibit a rapid operation speed of 5 ns, a significant sensing margin of approximately 8.0A, and a retention time of around 1 s without any external bias.

Long-term outcomes of CNS WHO grade 2 oligodendroglioma in adult patients: a single-institution experience.

Purpose: Oligodendrogliomas (ODGs) are a subtype of diffuse lower-grade gliomas with overall survival of > 10 years. This study aims to analyze long-term outcomes and identify prognostic factors in patients with WHO grade 2 ODG.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 138 adult patients diagnosed with 1p/19q co-deleted ODG who underwent surgical resection or biopsy between 1994 and 2021, analyzing clinical data, treatment details, and outcomes.

Generation and Storage of Random Voltage Values via Ring Oscillators Comprising Feedback Field-Effect Transistors.

In this study, we demonstrate the generation and storage of random voltage values using a ring oscillator consisting of feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs). This innovative approach utilizes the logic-in-memory function of FBFETs to extract continuous output voltages from oscillatory cycles. The ring oscillator exhibited uniform probability distributions of 51.

Surgical Strategy for Petroclival Meningioma-Related Trigeminal Neuralgia: The Role of Porus Trigeminus Opening.

Objective: Petroclival meningiomas invade Meckel's cave through the porus trigeminus, leading to secondary trigeminal neuralgia. Microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are the typical treatment options. This study investigated symptom control, outcomes, and surgical strategies for PC meningioma-induced TN.

Exploring prognostic factors and treatment strategies for long-term survival in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma patients.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) are rare, accounting for < 1% of all astrocytomas. Literature on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of PXAs is limited. The study aimed to determine prognosis and treatment strategies for PXAs.

Evaluation of the Regulatory Required Post-Authorization Safety Study for Propacetamol: Nested Case-Control and Case-Time-Control Studies.

Purpose: Following the withdrawal of propacetamol in Europe owing to safety issues, the regulatory authority of South Korea requested a post-marketing surveillance study to investigate its safety profile.

Materials And Methods: We conducted nested case-control and case-time-control (CTC) analyses of cases and controls identified for outcomes of interest, including anaphylaxis, thrombosis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), using the claims database of South Korea, 2010-2019. Risk-set sampling was used to match each case with up to 10 controls for age, sex, cohort entry date, and follow-up duration.

Read Operation Mechanism of Feedback Field-Effect Transistors with Quasi-Nonvolatile Memory States.

In this study, the read operation of feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) with quasi-nonvolatile memory states was analyzed using a device simulator. For FBFETs, write pulses of 40 ns formed potential barriers in their channels, and charge carriers were accumulated (depleted) in these channels, generating the memory state "State 1 (State 0)". Read pulses of 40 ns read these states with a retention time of 3 s, and the potential barrier formation and carrier accumulation were influenced by these read pulses.

Novel Chlorin e6-Curcumin Derivatives as a Potential Photosensitizer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity.

Novel series of chlorin e6-curcumin derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds , , , and were tested for their photodynamic treatment (PDT) efficacy against human pancreatic cancer cell lines: AsPC-1, MIA-PaCa-2, and PANC-1. The cellular uptake study was performed in the aforementioned cell lines using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).

Disturbance Characteristics of 1T DRAM Arrays Consisting of Feedback Field-Effect Transistors.

Challenges in scaling dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) have become a crucial problem for implementing high-density and high-performance memory devices. Feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) have great potential to overcome the scaling challenges because of their one-transistor (1T) memory behaviors with a capacitorless structure. Although FBFETs have been studied as 1T memory devices, the reliability in an array must be evaluated.

Prediction of Device Characteristics of Feedback Field-Effect Transistors Using TCAD-Augmented Machine Learning.

In this study, the device characteristics of silicon nanowire feedback field-effect transistors were predicted using technology computer-aided design (TCAD)-augmented machine learning (TCAD-ML). The full current-voltage () curves in forward and reverse voltage sweeps were predicted well, with high R-squared values of 0.9938 and 0.

A study of the regional differences in propacetamol-related adverse events using VigiBase data of the World Health Organization.

Upon withdrawal of propacetamol, an injectable formulation of the paracetamol prodrug, in Europe due to safety concerns, South Korea's regulatory body requested a post-marketing surveillance study exploring its safety profile. We characterized regional disparities in adverse events (AE) associated with propacetamol between Asia and Europe using the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase. We performed disproportionality analyses using reporting odds ratios (rOR) and information component (IC) to determine whether five AEs (anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, thrombosis, contact dermatitis/eczema, injection site reaction [ISR]) were associated with propacetamol versus non-propacetamol injectable antipyretics in Asia and Europe, separately.

Logic and memory functions of an inverter comprising reconfigurable double gated feedback field effect transistors.

In this study, we propose an inverter consisting of reconfigurable double-gated (DG) feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) and examine its logic and memory operations through a mixed-mode technology computer-aided design simulation. The DG FBFETs can be reconfigured to n- or p-channel modes, and these modes exhibit an on/off current ratio of ~ 10 and a subthreshold swing (SS) of ~ 0.4 mV/dec.

NAND and NOR logic-in-memory comprising silicon nanowire feedback field-effect transistors.

The processing of large amounts of data requires a high energy efficiency and fast processing time for high-performance computing systems. However, conventional von Neumann computing systems have performance limitations because of bottlenecks in data movement between separated processing and memory hierarchy, which causes latency and high power consumption. To overcome this hindrance, logic-in-memory (LIM) has been proposed that performs both data processing and memory operations.

Host tp53 mutation induces gut dysbiosis eliciting inflammation through disturbed sialic acid metabolism.

Background: Host tp53 mutations are frequently found during the early stages of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but whether such mutations induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic intestinal inflammation that contributes to the development of CAC, remains unknown.

Results: We found that zebrafish tp53 mutant larvae exhibited elevated intestinal inflammation, by monitoring the NFκB activity in the mid-distal intestines of zebrafish larvae using an NFκB:EGFP transgenic reporter line in vivo as well as neutrophil infiltration into the intestine. This inflammation was due to dysbiotic gut microbiota with reduced diversity, revealed using both 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a germfree larva model.

Correction: Yun et al. Prion Protein of Extracellular Vesicle Regulates the Progression of Colorectal Cancer. 2021, , 2144.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Prion Protein of Extracellular Vesicle Regulates the Progression of Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death due to its aggressive metastasis in later stages. Although there is a growing interest in the tumorigenic role of cellular prion protein (PrP) in the process of metastasis, the precise mechanism behind the cellular communication involving prion proteins remains poorly understood. This study found that hypoxic tumor microenvironment increased the PrP-expressing exosomes from CRC, and these exosomes regulate the CRC cell behavior and tumor progression depending on the expression of PrP.

Bovine milk extracellular vesicles induce the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and promote osteogenesis in rats.

Bone is constantly balanced between the formation of new bone by osteoblasts and the absorption of old bone by osteoclasts. To promote bone growth and improve bone health, it is necessary to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Although bovine milk is known to exert a beneficial effect on bone formation, the study on the effect of bovine milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) on osteogenesis in osteoblasts is limited.

Effect of Ge Mole Fraction on Performance of Underlapped Gate-All-Around SiGe-Source Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors.

In this paper, we propose the design optimization of underlapped SiGe-source tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) with a gate-all-around structure. The band-to-band tunneling rates, tunneling barrier widths, transfer characteristics, threshold voltages, on/off current ratios, and subthreshold swings () were analyzed by varying the Ge mole fraction of the SiGe source using a commercial device simulator. In particular, a SiGe-source TFET among our proposed TFETs exhibits an on/off current ratio of approximately 10, and of 27.

Inverting logic-in-memory cells comprising silicon nanowire feedback field-effect transistors.

In this paper, we propose inverting logic-in-memory (LIM) cells comprising silicon nanowire feedback field-effect transistors with steep switching and holding characteristics. The timing diagrams of the proposed inverting LIM cells under dynamic and static conditions are investigated via mixed-mode technology computer-aided design simulation to verify the performance. The inverting LIM cells have an operating speed of the order of nanoseconds, an ultra-high voltage gain, and a longer retention time than that of conventional dynamic random access memory.

The Dual Role of Autophagy in Cancer Development and a Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer by Targeting Autophagy.

Autophagy is a delicate intracellular degradation process that occurs due to diverse stressful conditions, including the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles as well as nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy is initiated by the creation of autophagosomes, which capture and encapsulate abnormal components. Afterward, autophagosomes assemble with lysosomes to recycle or remove degradative cargo.

Critical combination of initial markers for predicting refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a case control study.

Background: It is unclear whether the responses of refractory and common Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia to macrolides differ. Hence, this study aimed to identify biomarkers that may be used to distinguish refractory and common pneumonias caused by MP in children at hospital admission.

Methods: The study included 123 children divided into five groups according to infection agent and treatment protocol: Group I included those with MP infection without documented viral infection, treated with only macrolides; Group II included those with MP infection without documented viral infection, treated with a combination of macrolides and methylprednisolone; Group III included those with MP infection and documented viral infection, treated with only macrolides; Group IV included those with viral pneumonia without documented MP infection; Group V was the control group composed of admitted children without MP or a documented viral infection.

Brazilin Limits Inflammatory Responses through Induction of Prosurvival Autophagy in Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes.

Brazilin is an active compound of Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae), which possesses pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammation potentials depending on the specific cell type. However, it is largely unknown whether autophagy is implicated in the mechanism underlying its chemotherapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Brazilin selectively disrupts proximal IL-1 receptor signaling complex formation by targeting an IKK-upstream signaling components.

The ligation of interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) or tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) induces the recruitment of adaptor proteins and their concomitant ubiquitination to the proximal receptor signaling complex, respectively. Such are upstream signaling events of IKK that play essential roles in NF-κB activation. Thus, the discovery of a substance that would modulate the recruitment of key proximal signaling elements at the upstream level of IKK has been impending in this field of study.

New players in high fat diet-induced obesity: LETM1 and CTMP.

Objective: Obesity contributes to insulin resistance and is a risk factor for diabetes. C-terminal modulator protein (CTMP) and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) have been reported to influence the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway via the modulation of PKB activity, a key player for insulin signaling. However, it remains unclear whether CTMP and LETM1 are associated with PI3K/PKB signaling in mouse models of obesity.