Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Associated With Smaller Brain Volumes in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes has been linked to brain volume reductions as well as to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). This study concerns the relationship between normalized brain volumes (volume fractions) and cSVD, which has not been examined previously. We subjected brain magnetic resonance imaging studies of 187 adults of both sexes with Type 1 diabetes and 30 matched controls to volumetry and neuroradiological interpretation.

Neuroprotective Effects of Inhaled Xenon Gas on Brain Structural Gray Matter Changes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Evaluated by Morphometric Analysis: A Substudy of the Randomized Xe-Hypotheca Trial.

Background: We have earlier reported that inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia attenuates brain white matter injury in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). A predefined secondary objective was to assess the effect of inhaled xenon on the structural changes in gray matter in comatose survivors after OHCA.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either inhaled xenon combined with target temperature management (33 °C) for 24 h (n = 55, xenon group) or target temperature management alone (n = 55, control group).

Retinal artery to vein ratio is associated with cerebral microbleeds in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: A third of asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) show signs of cerebrovascular disease in brain MRI. These signs associate with advanced stages of diabetic retinal disease, but not in mild or moderate retinopathy. We aimed to evaluate a wider spectrum of retinal changes by exploring the relationship between quantitative measures of retinal vessel parameters (RVP) and cerebrovascular changes in T1D.

Cervical lymph node diameter reflects disease progression in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease against the central nervous system (CNS), where B cells activate in the deep cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) before migrating to the CNS. CLN diameter in head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an unexplored possible biomarker for disease activity.

Methods: We measured CLN axial diameter from head MRIs of patients with active stable relapsing-remitting MS (a-RRMS-stable, n = 26), highly active stable RRMS (ha-RRMS-stable, n = 23), RRMS patients directly after a relapse (RRMS-relapse, n = 64) and follow-up MRIs from the same patients (r-RRMS-follow-up, n = 26).

Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings six months after critical COVID-19: A prospective cohort study.

Background: COVID-19 patients suffered from neurological symptoms in the acute phase. Whether this led to long-term consequences was unknown. We studied long-term brain MRI findings in ICU-treated COVID-19 patients and compared them with findings in groups with less severe acute disease.

No correlation between carotid intima-media thickness and long-term glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To determine whether carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is associated with long-term blood glucose control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: We recruited 508 individuals (43.4% men; median age 46.

Atrophy of the optic chiasm is associated with microvascular diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic eye disease are well known complications of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that chronic hyperglycemia also damages the optic tract, which can be measured using routine magnetic resonance imaging. Our aim was to compare morphological differences in the optic tract between individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects.

Incidental demyelination in magnetic resonance imaging and 10-year risk of multiple sclerosis: A data lake cohort study.

Background And Purpose: There is an absence of data from large population-based cohort studies on the incidence of radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS). The incidence of RIS and the subsequent risk for multiple sclerosis (MS) were investigated.

Methods: A population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using a data-lake-based analysis of digitalized radiology reports.

Comparison of the prognostic value of early-phase proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging with serum neuron-specific enolase at 72 h in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-a substudy of the XeHypotheca trial.

Purpose: We compared the predictive accuracy of early-phase brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) against the motor score and epileptic seizures (ES) for poor neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: The predictive accuracy of DTI, 1H-MRS, and NSE along with motor score at 72 h and ES for the poor neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS, 3 - 6) in 92 comatose OHCA patients at 6 months was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Combined models of the variables were included as exploratory.

MRI Markers of Small Vessel Disease and the APOE Allele in Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: The apolipoprotein E ε4 allele is the main genetic risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism for the increased risk is not well understood. Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is prevalent among patients with cognitive impairment and is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of dementia. We aimed to investigate the association between the ε genotype and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of SVD in a memory clinic population.

Brain Volumes and Abnormalities in Adults Born Preterm at Very Low Birth Weight.

Objectives: To assess radiographic brain abnormalities and investigate volumetric differences in adults born preterm at very low birth weight (<1500 g), using siblings as controls.

Study Design: We recruited 79 adult same-sex sibling pairs with one born preterm at very low birth weight and the sibling at term. We acquired 3-T brain magnetic resonance imaging from 78 preterm participants and 72 siblings.

APOE ε4 associates with increased risk of severe COVID-19, cerebral microhaemorrhages and post-COVID mental fatigue: a Finnish biobank, autopsy and clinical study.

Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) has been shown to associate with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality in some previous genetic studies, but information on the role of APOE4 on the underlying pathology and parallel clinical manifestations is scarce. Here we studied the genetic association between APOE and COVID-19 in Finnish biobank, autopsy and prospective clinical cohort datasets. In line with previous work, our data on 2611 cases showed that APOE4 carriership associates with severe COVID-19 in intensive care patients compared with non-infected population controls after matching for age, sex and cardiovascular disease status.

Glycemic control is not related to cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To determine if medium- and long-term blood glucose control as well as glycemic variability, which are known to be strong predictors of vascular complications, are associated with underlying cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 189 individuals (47.1% men; median age 40.

Brain Atrophy in First-Episode Psychosis of the Elderly Is Associated With Cognitive Decline.

To study brain atrophy and cognitive decline in elderly patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years with FEP and onset of psychotic symptoms of ≤ 1 year remitted to the Helsinki University Hospital from December 2009 to December 2011 were included in the study. Diagnoses were made using criteria.

Cerebral small-vessel disease is associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Cerebral small-vessel disease is common in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes. The retinal vasculature is thought to mirror the brain's vasculature, but data on this association are limited in type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to study associations between diabetic retinopathy severity and cerebral small-vessel disease in type 1 diabetes.

Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in relation to cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To determine if arterial functional and structural changes are associated with underlying cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We enrolled 186 individuals (47.8% men; median age 40.

MRI Characterization of Non-traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults.

Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in younger population is a relatively rare event but is associated with considerable mortality and poor functional outcome. Imaging plays a crucial role in determining the underlying cause and guide treatment of ICH. In up to 41% of patients in prior studies, the underlying cause remained elusive.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Metals and the Association with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background: Brain metal homeostasis is essential for brain health, and deregulation can result in oxidative stress on the brain parenchyma.

Objective: Our objective in this study was to focus on two hemorrhagic MRI manifestations of small vessel disease [cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cortical superficial siderosis (cSS)] and associations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iron levels. In addition, we aimed to analyze CSF biomarkers for dementia and associations with CSF metal levels.

Trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis: Prevalence and association with demyelination.

Objectives: The association of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with multiple sclerosis (MS) is still widely unaddressed in larger, systematical clinical series. In this study, a cohort of Finnish MS patients was assessed regarding the incidence and prevalence of TN, as well as the presence of demyelinating lesions near the trigeminal ganglion, thus searching for a causative role of MS plaques in TN onset.

Materials & Methods: All consecutive patients treated and followed up for MS (ICD-code G35) in Helsinki University Hospital during 2004-2017 were identified from the Finnish MS register.

Comparison of Manual Cross-Sectional Measurements and Automatic Volumetry of the Corpus Callosum, and Their Clinical Impact: A Study on Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls.

Degenerative change of the corpus callosum might serve as a clinically useful surrogate marker for net pathological cerebral impact of diabetes type 1. We compared manual and automatic measurements of the corpus callosum, as well as differences in callosal cross-sectional area between subjects with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. This is a cross-sectional study on 188 neurologically asymptomatic participants with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects, recruited as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study.

MRI-Based Manual versus Automated Corpus Callosum Volumetric Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Corpus callosum atrophy is a neurodegenerative biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). Manual delineations are gold standard but subjective and labor intensive. Novel automated methods are promising but require validation.