Pallidal Stimulation Modulates Pedunculopontine Nuclei in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: In advanced Parkinson’s disease, the pedunculopontine nucleus region is thought to be abnormally inhibited by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic inputs from the over-active globus pallidus internus. Recent attempts to boost pedunculopontine nucleus function through deep brain stimulation are promising, but suffer from the incomplete understanding of the physiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus region.

Methods: Local field potentials of the pedunculopontine nucleus region and the globus pallidus internus were recorded and quantitatively analyzed in a patient with Parkinson’s disease.

The effects of heuristic rule training on operator performance in a simulated process control environment.

In complex work environments, the occurrence of novel system states represents a particular challenge for the design of training. This article is concerned with the use of heuristic rules to prepare operators for the management of unfamiliar fault states. An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of heuristic rule training on operator performance and system management behaviour.

Serum androgens return to normal after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in men.

Background: Epileptic discharges from the temporal lobe may influence the release of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. If epilepsy surgery influences the underlying epileptic disorder one might expect serum hormone concentrations to return to normal following surgery.

Patients: Twenty-two men with epilepsy aged 25 to 48 years (mean, 34.

The impact of epilepsy surgery on sex hormones and the menstrual cycle in female patients.

We investigated the impact of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery on sex hormones and menstrual cycles. Sixteen female patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were investigated prior to surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The patients received carbamazepine (CBZ) as monotherapy (10 patients) or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs (six patients).