[Drugs for postoperative analgesia: routine and new aspects: Part 2: opioids, ketamine and gabapentinoids].

In part 1 of this review, perioperative aspects of the use of non-opioids (acetaminophene, dipyrone, traditional NSAR, coxibs) were discussed. In part 2 the perioperative aspects of opioids (weak opioids: tramadol, tilidine with naloxone, strong opioids: morphine, piritramide, oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, buprenorphine) and coanalgesics (gabapentinoids; ketamine) will now be presented. The main aim of the review is to describe the use, risks and cost of some substances to facilitate the differential indication.

[Drugs for postoperative analgesia: routine and new aspects. Part 1: non-opioids].

In part 1 of this review the perioperative aspects of the use of non-opioids (acetaminophen, dipyrone, traditional NSAR, coxibs) and in part 2 of opioids (weak opioids: tramadol, tilidine with naloxone, strong opioids: morphine, piritramide, oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, buprenorphine) and coanalgesics (gabapentinoids, ketamine) will be discussed. The main aim is to describe the relationship between analgesic efficacy and side effects to make clinical decisions easier in patients with preoperative renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and other diseases. Some new aspects concerning perioperative administration of gabapentinoids and ketamine in patients with perioperative neuropathic pain are discussed.