A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations.

New approaches in process monitoring during industrial fermentations are not only limited to classical pH, dO₂ and offgas analysis, but use different in situ and online sensors based on different physical principles to determine biomass, product quality, lysis and far more. One of the very important approaches is the in situ accessibility of viable cell concentration (VCC). This knowledge provides increased efficiency in monitoring and controlling strategies during cultivations.

Influenza B virus with modified hemagglutinin cleavage site as a novel attenuated live vaccine.

Background: Both pandemic and interpandemic influenza is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Seasonal epidemics are caused by both influenza A and B virus strains that cocirculate with varying predominance and may give rise to severe illness equally. According to World Health Organization recommendations, current annual vaccines are composed of 2 type A and 1 type B virus-specific component.

Rapid and reliable universal cloning of influenza A virus genes by target-primed plasmid amplification.

Reverse genetics has become pivotal in influenza virus research relying on rapid generation of tailored recombinant influenza viruses. They are rescued from transfected plasmids encoding the eight influenza virus gene segments, which have been cloned using restriction endonucleases and DNA ligation. However, suitable restriction cleavage sites often are not available.

Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia in children, adolescents and young adults with unstable type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin glargine or intermediate-acting insulin.

In this open study of clinical practice, 142 paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (>1 year duration), stratified by age, received prandial insulin (regular or lispro) and either once daily insulin glargine (GLAR; n=74), titrated to target fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels 4.4-7.8 mmol/l, or NPH/semilente insulin (NPH insulin, administered once, twice or three times daily; n=68), titrated to target FBG 4.