Extracts of and Show Beneficial Properties for the Synergistic Improvement of Oral Wound Healing.

Various local and systemic factors compromise oral wound healing and may lead to wound dehiscence, inflammation, or ulcers. Currently, there is a lack of topical therapeutical options. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of (AV) and root (RPR) on oral wound healing capacity in vitro.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Reduces Vessel Density and Increases Vascular Permeability and Apoptotic Cell Death in Solid Tumors.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. Despite their relevance for the treatment of solid tumors, effects of CAP on tumor vasculature and microcirculation have only rarely been investigated. Here, we report the reduction of vessel density and an increase in vascular permeability and tumor cell apoptosis after CAP application.

Surface Modification of Porous Polyethylene Implants with an Albumin-Based Nanocarrier-Release System.

Background: Porous polyethylene (PPE) implants are used for the reconstruction of tissue defects but have a risk of rejection in case of insufficient ingrowth into the host tissue. Various growth factors can promote implant ingrowth, yet a long-term gradient is a prerequisite for the mediation of these effects. As modification of the implant surface with nanocarriers may facilitate a long-term gradient by sustained factor release, implants modified with crosslinked albumin nanocarriers were evaluated in vivo.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibit Favorable Properties to Promote Tissue Integration of Biomaterials.

Due to the demographic change, medicine faces a growing demand for tissue engineering solutions and implants. Often, satisfying tissue regeneration is difficult to achieve especially when co-morbidities hamper the healing process. As a novel strategy, we propose the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into biomaterials to improve tissue regeneration.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Can Intervene in Radiation-Induced Senescence and Eradicate Residual Tumor Cells.

Despite recent advancements in tumor therapy, metastasis and tumor relapse remain major complications hindering the complete recovery of many cancer patients. Dormant tumor cells, which reside in the body, possess the ability to re-enter the cell cycle after therapy. This phenomenon has been attributed to therapy-induced senescence.

Monitoring of tumor growth and vascularization with repetitive ultrasonography in the chicken chorioallantoic-membrane-assay.

The chorioallantoic-membrane (CAM)-assay is an established model for in vivo tumor research. Contrary to rodent-xenograft-models, the CAM-assay does not require breeding of immunodeficient strains due to native immunodeficiency. This allows xenografts to grow on the non-innervated CAM without pain or impairment for the embryo.

In Vivo Modulation of Angiogenesis and Immune Response on a Collagen Matrix via Extracorporeal Shockwaves.

The effective management of tissue integration and immunological responses to transplants decisively co-determines the success of soft and hard tissue reconstruction. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the eligibility of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) with respect to its ability to modulate angiogenesis and immune response to a collagen matrix (CM) for tissue engineering in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, which is performed with fertilized chicken eggs. CM were placed on the CAM on embryonic development day (EDD) 7; at EDD-10, ESWT was conducted at 0.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes in cancer medicine.

The importance of zinc as a trace metal in the human body has long been overlooked. We now gradually discover that the impact of zinc on the health of our body might be as far-reaching as that of iron. Concurrently, nanomaterials containing zinc, in particular zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), are becoming increasingly attractive as innovative agents for medical applications.

Fluorescein- and EGFR-Antibody Conjugated Silica Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Real-time Tumor Border Definition Using Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Intraoperative definition of tumor free resection margins in head and neck cancer is challenging. In the current proof-of-principle study we evaluated a novel silica nanoparticle-based agent for its potential use as contrast enhancer. We synthesized silica nanoparticles with an average size of 45 nm and modified these particles with the fluorescence stain fluorescein isocyanate (FITC) for particle detection and with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibodies for enhanced tumor specificity.

Phosphoproteome Profiling Reveals Multifunctional Protein NPM1 as part of the Irradiation Response of Tumor Cells.

To fight resistances to radiotherapy, the understanding of escape mechanisms of tumor cells is crucial. The aim of this study was to identify phosphoproteins that are regulated upon irradiation. The comparative analysis of the phosphoproteome before and after irradiation brought nucleophosmin (NPM1) into focus as a versatile phosphoprotein that has already been associated with tumorigenesis.

Zinc overload mediated by zinc oxide nanoparticles as innovative anti-tumor agent.

The predicted global cancer burden is expected to surpass 20 million new cancer cases by 2025. Despite recent advancement in tumor therapy, a successful cancer treatment remains challenging. The emerging field of nanotechnology offers great opportunities for diagnosis, imaging, as well as treatment of cancer.

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cancer.

Even though cancer treatment has improved over the recent decades, still more specific and effective treatment concepts are mandatory. Surgical removal is not always possible, metastases are challenging and chemo- and radiotherapy can not only have severe side-effects but also resistances may occur. To cope with these challenges more efficient therapies with fewer side-effects are required.

Transcriptional regulation of the VEGF gene in dependence of individual genomic variations.

Overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene has been associated with advanced stage and poor survival in several cancers. The majority of disease-associated VEGF-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) locate within regulatory regions. Therefore, an influence of SNPs located in the promoter/5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) on transcription factor binding (TFB) and gene expression seems feasible.

Genotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

The potential toxicity of nanoparticles has currently provoked public and scientific discussions, and attempts to develop generally accepted handling procedures for nanoparticles are under way. The investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on human health is overdue and reliable test systems accounting for the special properties of nanomaterials must be developed. Nanoparticular zinc oxide (ZnO) may be internalised through ambient air or the topical application of cosmetics, only to name a few, with unpredictable health effects.

Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms as effect modifiers of oral squamous cell carcinoma risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Smoking is one of the main risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Smoking may affect single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenic activity. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the published VEGF-SNP genotype data of OSCC patients and healthy individuals and performed a meta-analysis comparing the VEGF-SNP genotypes of smoking and non-smoking patients in association with OSCC incidence.

Fascin upregulation in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with lymphatic metastasis.

Fascin is an actin-bundling protein that is associated with cellular motility and cancer-cell invasion. The present study aimed to examine the expression of fascin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its potential use as a biomarker. In a prospective study with a median follow-up time of 48.

Reactive oxygen species activation of MAPK pathway results in VEGF upregulation as an undesired irradiation response.

Background: Radioresistance limits the effectiveness of radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We previously demonstrated post-radiogenic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release resulting in reduced tumor cell response. Here, we examined the association of this mechanism with the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation (IR).

Dysregulated survivin expression in nasal polyps of individuals with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background: A derailed balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is presumed to result in cell hyperplasia as a typical feature of nasal polyps. Survivin, a protein of the inhibitors of the apoptosis family is proposed to promote polyp formation. However, studies concerning survivin expression in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps are rare and the specificity of the survivin expression in nasal polyps from individuals with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) has not been investigated.

Low SPINK5 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objectives/hypothesis: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease that probably arises as a result of genetic diversity and environmental factors. SPINK5 is a serine protease inhibitor, which is supposed to be an important regulator of epithelial barrier maintenance. The role of SPINK5 polymorphisms and expression in CRS, especially in individuals with aspirin intolerance, is unclear.

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in nasal polyps of aspirin-intolerant patients.

Objective: To study differences between aspirin-tolerant patients and aspirin-intolerant patients concerning vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Recent publications strongly suggest the involvement of VEGF and its receptors in the pathophysiologic process of nasal polyps.

Design: We subjected 43 polyp specimens to semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis.

Increased basic fibroblast growth factor release and proliferation in xenotransplanted squamous cell carcinoma after combined irradiation/anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

Novel strategies of cancer therapy combine irradiation and anti-angiogenic active compounds. However, little is known concerning the undesired cellular and molecular effects caused by this novel treatment concept. We used a mouse squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) xenotransplantation model to evaluate the potential undesired effects which compromise the success of this therapeutic combination.

Impact of ozone exposure on prostaglandin release in nasal polyps.

A dysregulation of the cyclooxygenases and a leukotriene/prostaglandin imbalance are assumed to be part of the pathogenesis of the aspirin (ASA) intolerance syndrome. Ozone is an air pollutant with known proinflammatory effects on exposed epithelia, however, its impact on the expression of the cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (cox1/2) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the nasal mucosa is not well known. Therefore, we analyzed cox expression and PGE(2) levels after ozone exposure in nasal mucosa and in nasal polyps considering ASA intolerance.

Pharmacological genome demethylation increases radiosensitivity of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells.

Aberrant inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation has been recognized as a crucial step of tumor development and is related to aggressiveness and therapy resistance. To identify potential novel treatment strategies, we evaluated pharmacological genome demethylation for the increase of irradiation treatment effectiveness in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in this in vitro study. HNSCC cells were cultured with 2 different concentrations of 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) for 72 h, followed by a single fraction irradiation with 4 or 50 Gy, respectively.

Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma by MALDI-TOF MS.

Purpose: To explore the presence of differentially expressed proteins in OSCC for discrimination of tumour and normal mucosa to establish potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Experimental Design: Paired protein samples of 12 individuals (tongue cancer and non-cancerous mucosa) were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis. The protein patterns were compared pairwise and protein spots were quantified.