Analytical method development and dermal absorption of gallic acid, a hair dye ingredient.

Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic compound known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. GA is used as a hair dye ingredient. It is limited to be below 4.

Prediction of skin sensitization using machine learning.

As global awareness of animal welfare spreads, the development of alternative animal test models is increasingly necessary. The purpose of this study was to develop a practical machine-learning model for skin sensitization using three physicochemical properties of the chemicals: surface tension, melting point, and molecular weight. In this study, a total of 482 chemicals with local lymph node assay results were collected, and 297 datasets with 6 physico-chemical properties were used to develop Random Forest (RF) model for skin sensitization.

Predicting the need for intubation within 3 h in the neonatal intensive care unit using a multimodal deep neural network.

Respiratory distress is a common chief complaint in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite the increasing use of non-invasive ventilation in neonates with respiratory difficulty, some of them require advanced airway support. Delayed intubation is associated with increased morbidity, particularly in urgent unplanned cases.

Real-Time Prediction for Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation Using Multimodal Transformer Network.

Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at risk for respiratory decompensation and may require endotracheal intubation. Delayed intubation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in urgent unplanned intubation. By accurately predicting the need for intubation in real-time, additional time can be made available for preparation, thereby increasing the safety margins by avoiding high-risk late intubation.

Analytical method development and dermal absorption of 2-amino-5-nitrophenol (2A5NP), a hair dye ingredient under oxidative condition.

Although 2-amino-5-nitrophenol (2A5NP) is one of the ingredients of hair dye, there has been no information on the dermal absorption rate of 2A5NP. 2A5NP is managed at less than 1.5% in Korea and Japan.

Analytical Method Development and Dermal Absorption of Pyrogallol, a Hair Dye Ingredient.

Pyrogallol is an ingredient in hair dye. Its concentration in hair dye is managed at less than 2.0% in Korea.

Analytical method development and percutaneous absorption of propylidene phthalide, a cosmetic ingredient.

Propylidene phthalide (PP) is a cosmetic ingredient used in the fragrance industry and regulated for the limited content of 0.01% in cosmetic products in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine PP dermal absorption rate according to the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) guidelines using Franz diffusion system.

Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone.

Dermal absorption of chemicals is a key factor in risk assessment. This study investigated the effects of different amounts of application on dermal absorption and suggested an appropriate application dose for proper dermal absorption. Caffeine and testosterone were chosen as test compounds.

Effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening fermented black ginseng on human subjects and underlying mechanism of action.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening of fermented black ginseng (FBG) in human subjects and to examine underlying biochemical mechanisms of action. A clinical study was performed to evaluate efficacy and safety using a 1% FBG cream formulation. Twenty-three subjects were recruited and instructed to apply control or FBG creams each on half of their face twice daily for 8 weeks.

Effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening fermented black ginseng on human subjects and underlying mechanism of action.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening of fermented black ginseng (FBG) in human subjects and to examine underlying biochemical mechanisms of action. A clinical study was performed to evaluate efficacy and safety using a 1% FBG cream formulation. Twenty-three subjects were recruited and instructed to apply control or FBG creams each on half of their face twice daily for 8 weeks.