A reverse transcriptase controls prophage genome reduction to promote phage dissemination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Filamentous bacteriophages play a critical role in biofilm formation and virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, studies of the filamentous Pf4 prophage life cycle within P. aeruginosa biofilms revealed that the prophage-encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) regulates phage genome dynamics.

Nectin4 antagonises type I interferon production by targeting TRAF3 for autophagic degradation and disrupting TRAF3-TBK1 complex formation.

Autophagy, a conserved cellular degradative process, plays a crucial role in innate immunity during viral infections. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a leading cause of fish diseases with morbidity and mortality, triggers cell autophagy to promote viral replication; however, the details of how NNV utilises autophagy to facilitate its own replication remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which the sea perch Nectin4 (LjNectin4), a receptor of NNV, regulates autophagy and the innate immune system by targeting TNFR-associated factor 3 (TRAF3).

Capsid protein from red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus induces incomplete autophagy by inactivating the HSP90ab1-AKT-MTOR pathway.

As a highly important fish virus, nervous necrosis virus (NNV) has caused severe economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation process, is involved in the pathogenesis of several viruses. Although NNV can induce autophagy to facilitate infection in grouper fish spleen cells, how it initiates and mediates autophagy pathways during the initial stage of infection is still unclear.