De novo synthesis of hyaluronic acid with tailored molecular weights using a new hyaluronidase SthHL.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) exhibits various biological activities and functions, mainly governed by its molecular weight (M). Traditional HA degradation methods encounter challenges such as environmental pollution and high costs. Thus, developing a safe cell factory with an efficient regulation strategy for one-step production of specific M HA has attracted significant research interest.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of GhAMS11 and GhMS188 reveals key roles in tapetal development and pollen exine formation in upland cotton.

The ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) gene is crucial for tapetal cell development and pollen formation, but its role in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) has not been previously documented. This study identified GhAMS11 as a key transcription factor, with its high expression specifically observed during the S4-S6 stages of anther development, a critical period for tapetal activity and pollen formation. Subcellular localization confirmed that GhAMS11 was located in the nucleus.

CD36-mediated uptake of oxidized LDL induces double-negative regulatory T cell ferroptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: Metabolic alterations have been shown to instigate liver inflammation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. During MASLD progression, intrahepatic CD3TCRαβCD4CD8 double negative T regulatory cells (DNT) decrease cell survival and immunosuppressive function, leading to aggravated liver inflammation. In this study, we aim to reveal the underlying mechanisms that cause changes in DNT during MASLD progression.

Role of Life's Essential 8 score in mediating socioeconomic status in the incidence of atrial fibrillation and heart failure:a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To assess whether the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score mediates the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).

Methods: A total of 236,754 participants from the UK Biobank were included. SES was determined based on household income, education attainment, and employment status using latent class analysis.

Dilong (Earthworm) alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced brain injury by reducing mitochondrial damage in neuronal cells.

The experiment was designed to explore the effects and mechanism of Dilong on alleviating cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced brain injury in mice. Fifty male SPF Kunming mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into five groups: Group A served as the control group; Group B received intraperitoneal injection of CTX; Groups C, D, and E were administered Dilong at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg respectively for 14 days after intraperitoneal injection of CTX. Results showed that after modeling, the movement speed of mice significantly decreased (P < 0.

Aerosolized plus intravenous polymyxin B in comparison to intravenous polymyxin B alone for the management of HAP caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: A prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combined aerosolized (AER) and intravenous (IV) polymyxin B in managing patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organism (CRO).

Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted across six intensive care units in municipal and above-municipal hospitals in Shaanxi, China, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Patients with CRO pneumonia were categorized into the intravenous group (IV polymyxin B alone) and the combination group (AER plus IV polymyxin B).

Antitussive drug dextromethorphan induces developmental impairment in zebrafish.

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a common ingredient in cough and cold remedies. Despite its widespread presence in aquatic environments, the impact of DXM on fish remains largely unknown. This study evaluated the developmental impairment of zebrafish embryos exposed to DXM from 2 hours post-fertilization (hpf) to 14 days post-fertilization (dpf) at five different exposure concentrations: 0.

Sulfur dioxide increases testosterone biosynthesis by activating ERK1/2 pathway and disrupting autophagy in Leydig cells.

Sulfur dioxide (SO) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that has been shown to be toxic to the male reproductive system, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the SO-treated mice and primary Leydig cell models were established to investigate the effects of SO on the production of testosterone and its specific mechanism. The results demonstrated that SO activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, leading to increased key proteins expression of testosterone biosynthesis and elevated testosterone levels.

Exploring the efficacy of Wenshentiaojing decoction in PCOS: Network pharmacology and mouse model insights.

Background: Wenshentiaojing Decoction (WSTJD), a traditional Chinese herbal prescription, was first recorded in the "Ye Tianshi female department secret recipe for diagnosis and treatment ". It has been proven effective in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of WSTJD against PCOS remain unclear.

Spin Reporting Is Common in Pilot Randomized Controlled Trials in Surgery: A Methodological Survey.

Introduction: Spin reporting has been studied across a variety of study types and domains; however, it has yet to be studied in the context of pilot and feasibility trials. We designed this methodological survey to evaluate spin reporting in surgical pilot and feasibility trials.

Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011, and January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.

New insights into the tenderization pattern of yak meat by ROS-ERS: Promotion of ERS-associated apoptosis through feedback regulation of PERK/IRE1/ATF6 and caspase-12 activity.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in apoptosis and meat tenderization during postmortem aging. Yak longissimus dorsi muscle was incubated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and NAC + 4-PBA, respectively, and stored at 4 °C for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h and 168 h. The results showed that NAC and 4-PBA treatments significantly reduced ROS content and endoplasmic reticulum stress levels.

Effects of different lactic acid bacteria on the physicochemical properties, functional characteristics and metabolic characteristics of fermented hawthorn juice.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation enhances the flavour and functionality of juice substrates; however, research on hawthorn juice is limited. We hypothesize that due to strain specificity, the changes in hawthorn juice after fermentation with different LAB may vary. After selecting LAB strains based on pH and sensory evaluation, the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory potential in a lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.

Winter-spring droughts exacerbated PM-O compound pollution? Evidence from China.

With the impact of global climate change, drought events are becoming more frequent, making it critically important to quantitatively evaluate the effects of these events on air pollution. This study uses the augmented synthetic control method and the mediation effect model to quantitatively evaluate the impact effect of the winter-spring drought of 2023 on PM-O compound pollution and its driving factors with Chinese prefecture-level city data. This study indicates that: firstly, compared to non-drought periods, both the monthly averaged and diurnal variations pattern of PM and O significantly increased during drought periods.

Multiarm-Assisted Design of Dendron-like Degradable Ionizable Lipids Facilitates Systemic mRNA Delivery to the Spleen.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as pivotal vehicles for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to hepatocytes upon systemic administration and to antigen-presenting cells following intramuscular injection. However, achieving systemic mRNA delivery to non-hepatocytes remains challenging without the incorporation of targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, or small molecules. Inspired by comb-like polymeric architecture, here we utilized a multiarm-assisted design to construct a library of 270 dendron-like degradable ionizable lipids by altering the structures of amine heads and multiarmed tails for optimal mRNA delivery.

Persistent but weak magnetic field at the Moon's midstage revealed by Chang'e-5 basalt.

The evolution of the lunar magnetic field can reveal the Moon's interior structure, thermal history, and surface environment. The mid-to-late-stage evolution of the lunar magnetic field is poorly constrained, and thus, the existence of a long-lived lunar dynamo remains controversial. The Chang'e-5 mission returned the heretofore youngest mare basalts from Oceanus Procellarum uniquely positioned at midlatitude.

Chirality-Free Full Decoupling of Jones Matrix Phase-Channels with a Planar Minimalist Metasurface.

The complete manipulation of Jones matrix phase-channels using metasurfaces brings forth unparalleled possibilities across diverse wavefront modulation applications. Traditionally, achieving independent control over all four phase-channels usually involves the introduction of chirality with multilayer or three-dimensional metasurfaces. Here, we present a general chirality-free method that relies on polarization base transformation with a planar minimalist metasurface, effectively decoupling the four Jones matrix phase-channels, thereby unleashing the fundamental boundaries imposed by conventional linear or circular polarization bases.

Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Clinical Prognostic Impact of the Serum C-reactive Protein-to-albumin Ratio (CAR) in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The serum C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) has been identified as an adverse prognostic indicator in a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, there have been not been any studies reporting a relationship between CAR and the prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF). This study was designed to evaluate the association between CAR and all-cause mortality in CHF patients with different ejection fractions.