Publications by authors named "Jue Jiang"

Background And Aims: Some studies have explored the relationship between metabolic abnormalities, elevated liver enzymes and gallstone risk, but the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the relationship between metabolic abnormalities, liver enzymes, and gallstone risk through a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods: Firstly, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 555,31 subjects who underwent physical examinations at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2021 and December 2021.

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Background: Self-supervised learning (SSL) is an approach to extract useful feature representations from unlabeled data, and enable fine-tuning on downstream tasks with limited labeled examples. Self-pretraining is a SSL approach that uses curated downstream task dataset for both pretraining and fine-tuning. Availability of large, diverse, and uncurated public medical image sets presents the opportunity to potentially create foundation models by applying SSL in the "wild" that are robust to imaging variations.

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Background: Voxel-based analysis (VBA) for population level radiotherapy (RT) outcomes modeling requires topology preserving inter-patient deformable image registration (DIR) that preserves tumors on moving images while avoiding unrealistic deformations due to tumors occurring on fixed images.

Purpose: We developed a tumor-aware recurrent registration (TRACER) deep learning (DL) method and evaluated its suitability for VBA.

Methods: TRACER consists of encoder layers implemented with stacked 3D convolutional long short term memory network (3D-CLSTM) followed by decoder and spatial transform layers to compute dense deformation vector field (DVF).

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Article Synopsis
  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder with unknown molecular mechanisms, prompting a study to explore gut metagenome and host transcriptome interactions to better understand the disease.
  • The research involved 31 early HT patients and 30 healthy controls, analyzing blood and fecal samples through advanced sequencing and integrative analysis techniques to identify molecular signatures associated with HT.
  • Findings revealed changes in gut microbiota diversity, identified specific bacteria and RNA molecules linked to HT, and highlighted alterations in immune-related pathways, suggesting complex interactions between gut health and thyroid function in the disease.
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Elastography ultrasound imaging is increasingly important in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and other diseases, but its reliance on specialized equipment and techniques limits widespread adoption. This paper proposes a novel multimodal ultrasound diagnostic pipeline that expands the application of elastography ultrasound by translating B-ultrasound (BUS) images into elastography images (EUS). Additionally, to address the limitations of existing image-to-image translation methods, which struggle to effectively model inter-sample variations and accurately capture regional-scale structural consistency, we propose a BUS-to-EUS translation method based on hierarchical structural consistency.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Platinum-based drugs, such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin, are frontline chemotherapy for CRC, effective in both monotherapy and combination regimens. However, the clinical efficacy of these treatments is often undermined by the development of drug resistance, a significant obstacle in cancer therapy.

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Background: Fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, are extensively employed as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. However, their use is discouraged during pregnancy due to potential adverse events (AEs). The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the association between fluoroquinolones (specifically ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) and AEs related to pregnancy, as well as their potential impact on congenital disorders.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is difficult to manage with current treatments, highlighting the potential benefits of combining anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution strategies for better outcomes.
  • - Researchers developed nano-bomb nanoparticles capable of loading CD98 siRNA and Annexin A1-mimetic peptides, which can release carbon monoxide (CO) in acidic environments, targeting inflammatory tissues effectively while ensuring biocompatibility and safety.
  • - In studies with UC model mice, the nanoparticles showed significant anti-inflammatory effects by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, improving intestinal barrier function, and enhancing macrophage polarization when used together, demonstrating their potential for treating UC.
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Thyroid cancer is increasing globally, with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) being the most aggressive type and having a poor prognosis. Current clinical treatments for thyroid cancer present numerous challenges, including invasiveness and the necessity of lifelong medication. Furthermore, a significant portion of patients with ATC experience cancer recurrence and metastasis.

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Drug combinations have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, aimed at overcoming drug resistance and improving the efficacy of monotherapy regimens. However, identifying effective drug combinations has traditionally been time-consuming and often dependent on chance discoveries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore alternative strategies to support experimental research.

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Early detection of polyps is essential to decrease colorectal cancer(CRC) incidence. Therefore, developing an efficient and accurate polyp segmentation technique is crucial for clinical CRC prevention. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end training approach for polyp segmentation that employs diffusion model.

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Kataegis, the focal hypermutation of single base substitutions (SBS) in tumour genomes, has received little attention with respect to prostate cancer (PCa) associated molecular and clinical features. Most notably, data is lacking with regards to this tumour evolutionary phenomenon and PCa racial disparities, with African men disproportionately impacted. Here through comparison between African (n = 109) and non-African (n = 79) whole genome sequenced treatment naïve primary tumours, using a single analytical workflow we assessed for shared and unique features of kataegis.

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is highly heritable, with men of African ancestry at greatest risk and associated lethality. Lack of representation in genomic data means germline testing guidelines exclude for African men. Established that structural variations (SVs) are major contributors to human disease and prostate tumourigenesis, their role is under-appreciated in familial and therapeutic testing.

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Background: Mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) is often misdiagnosed as fibroadenoma (FA),which can lead to inappropriate or delayed treatments. This study aimed to establish an efficient ultrasound (US)-based diagnostic model to distinguish MBC subtypes from FAs.

Methods: Between January 2017 and February 2024, 240 lesions were enrolled, comprising 65 cases of pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC), 47 cases of mixed mucinous breast carcinoma (MMBC), and 128 cases of FAs.

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Background: In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), preoperative ultrasonography frequently reveals the presence of enlarged lymph nodes in the central neck region. These nodes pose a diagnostic challenge due to their potential resemblance to metastatic lymph nodes, thereby impacting the surgical decision-making process for clinicians in terms of determining the appropriate surgical extent.

Methods: Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors associated with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in PTC patients with HT.

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Objectives: Auto-segmentation promises greater speed and lower inter-reader variability than manual segmentations in radiation oncology clinical practice. This study aims to implement and evaluate the accuracy of the auto-segmentation algorithm, "Masked Image modeling using the vision Transformers (SMIT)," for neck nodal metastases on longitudinal T-weighted (Tw) MR images in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients.

Methods: This prospective clinical trial study included 123 human papillomaviruses (HPV-positive [+]) related OSPCC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

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Background And Purpose: Objective assessment of delivered radiotherapy (RT) to thoracic organs requires fast and accurate deformable dose mapping. The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI) deformable image registration (DIR) and organ segmentation-based AI dose mapping (AIDA) applied to the esophagus and the heart.

Materials And Methods: AIDA metrics were calculated for 72 locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with concurrent chemo-RT to 60 Gy in 2 Gy fractions in an automated pipeline.

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African ancestry is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer and advanced disease. Yet, genetic studies have largely been conducted outside the context of Sub-Saharan Africa, identifying 278 common risk variants contributing to a multiethnic polygenic risk score, with rare variants focused on a panel of roughly 20 pathogenic genes. Based on this knowledge, we are unable to determine polygenic risk or differentiate prostate cancer status interrogating whole genome data for 113 Black South African men.

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Background: Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIF) and congenital hemangioma (CH) have similarities on prenatal ultrasound and are rare.

Case Summary: We report 3 cases of fetuses with superficial hypervascular tumors, confirmed by postnatal pathology as CIF (1 case) and CH (2 cases, including 1 in a twin fetus). In Case 1, a mass with a rich blood supply in the fetal axilla was discovered by prenatal ultrasound at 28+0 wk of gestation.

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Mastitis is a disease involved in inflammation of breast which affects human and animals. Wogonin is one bioactive compound from many Chinese herbal medicines, which have multiple properties, including anti-inflammatory activity. However, the roles of wogonin in mastitis progression are largely undefined.

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Directionally sensitive radiomic features including the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) have been shown to provide objective and quantitative measures for predicting disease outcomes in multiple cancers. However, radiomic features are sensitive to imaging variabilities including acquisition differences, imaging artifacts and noise, making them impractical for using in the clinic to inform patient care. We treat the problem of extracting robust local directionality features by mapping via optimal transport a given local image patch to an iso-intense patch of its mean.

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In recent years, colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have increased significantly due to poor lifestyle choices. Despite the development of various treatments, their effectiveness against advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer remains unsatisfactory due to drug resistance. However, ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent cell death process induced by lipid peroxidation and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels along with reduced activity of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) antioxidant enzyme system, shows promise as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.

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Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health burden for African men, with mortality rates more than double global averages. The prostate specific Anoctamin 7 (ANO7) gene linked with poor patient outcomes has recently been identified as the target for an African-specific protein-truncating PCa-risk allele.

Methods: Here we determined the role of ANO7 in a study of 889 men from southern Africa, leveraging exomic genotyping array PCa case-control data (n = 780, 17 ANO7 alleles) and deep sequenced whole genome data for germline and tumour ANO7 interrogation (n = 109), while providing clinicopathologically matched European-derived sequence data comparative analyses (n = 57).

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Objective: Plane-wave imaging (PWI) is a high-frame-rate imaging technique that sacrifices image quality. Deep learning can potentially enhance plane-wave image quality, but processing complex in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data and suppressing incoherent signals pose challenges. To address these challenges, we present a complex transformer network (CTN) that integrates complex convolution and complex self-attention (CSA) modules.

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